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Direct Seeding of Rice

Direct Seeding of Rice. Assignment title. Contents…. Introduction Concept and definition Methods of direct seeding Mechanization Weed control Advantages of DSR Comparison and contrast with conventional method. Introduction.

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Direct Seeding of Rice

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  1. Direct Seeding of Rice Assignment title

  2. Contents… • Introduction • Concept and definition • Methods of direct seeding • Mechanization • Weed control • Advantages of DSR • Comparison and contrast with conventional method

  3. Introduction.. • PakRice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice) • Staple food • Third-highest worldwide production

  4. Worldwide consumption • Between 1961 and 2002, per capita consumption of rice increased by 40%. • Rice is the most important crop in Asia. In Cambodia, for example, 90% of the total agricultural area is used for rice production. • U.S. rice consumption has risen sharply over the past 25 years(used in beer production, one in five are eating white or brown rice)

  5. Direct seeding • Sowing seeds directly in the soil where they are to grow, rather than transplanting seedlings.

  6. DIRECT SEEDING OF RICE • In rice direct seeding, rice seed is sown and sprouted directly into the field, eliminating the laborious process of planting seedlings by hand and greatly reducing the crop’s water requirements.

  7. History of Direct Seeding of Rice • Direct seeding of rice is not a new idea • Most famously, beginning in the 1950s • Fukuoka’s method.

  8. Methods of direct seeding of rice • Wet seeding • Dry seeding

  9. Wet seeding • Involves sowing of pre germinated seeds on puddle wet soil either by drilling or broadcasting and then gradually flooding the land.

  10. Dry Seeding • Seeds are drilled or broadcasted into dry soil and then covered with soil.

  11. Mechanization • Mechanization has been adopted to quite an extent in case of direct seeding also. • The seeds could be dispersed or drilled mechanically instead of broadcasting manually.

  12. Broadcasting of seed An innovative mechanical broadcast of seeds on to puddled, drained soil by using knapsack mounted motorized blower

  13. WEEDS___MAIN PROBLEM OF RICE CROP • Benefits of transplanting method • History of rice plants • Deficiency of modern rice varieties • Weeds become dominant due to upper factors and these are the major source of yield losses in rice crop.

  14. MAJoR WEEDS • Echinochloa crusgalli, • Cyperus iria, • C. difformis, • Paspalum distichum, • Eclipta prostrata, • Trianthema portulacastrum.

  15. Weed control • A new generation of weedicides appeared on the market, allowing for a very effective suppression of weeds without standing water.

  16. Continue… Some weedicides: • Pendimethalin 750 g a.i/ha • Ethoxysulfuron at 18 g a.i/ha and • 2,4-D (ester) at 500 g a.i/ha are effective by controlling broad leaf weeds and sedges • 2,4-D (ester) at 18 g a.i/ha (least expensive but effective for controlling broad leaf weeds) • Pre- and post-emergence herbicides along with one hand weeding(effective and economical)

  17. What about concern over increased use of weedicides??? • Sidhu says that we don’t know if there will be negative consequences from the weedicides used on direct-seeded fields. But given the emerging concern in Punjab and elsewhere over rising rates of cancer and ecological damage, it would seem to be an issue to take seriously.

  18. DSR without application of weedicides • Retired professor SS Johl, a long time luminary in the world of Punjab agricultural research, believes that it is possible to use direct-seeded cultivation without application of weedicides—if one has the labor. • He points out that with direct seeding of rice, the labor saved upfront on transplanting can be applied later to weeding. “If you have the labor,” he says, “you should not apply weedicide.”

  19. Advantages of direct seeding of rice • Cost –effective way of establishing rice crop • Crop weeds are controlled • Grain yield is similar to conventional method • Crop matures faster • Less labour and water requirement

  20. Direct seeding leads to independence • The most promising option for the future is to adopt direct sowing of rice in place of transplanting, reducing its dependence on labour and water, and for farmers to become familiar with the correct use of herbicides.

  21. Draw backs of nursery raising • Water losses are high(surface evaporation and percolation) • Rice consumes 21% fresh water in Pakistan • Shortage of labour • More expensive

  22. Farmer’s view about DSR • In the end though, it was field experience from a number of progressive farmers in Punjab who had taken up direct seeding on their own that spurred the University to begin a new round of experiments. • The farmers claimed that they were successfully using direct seeding to grow rice, with no negative impact on yield.

  23. A Cultural Change in Southeast Asia • Highest DSR cultivation in Peninsular Malaysia • Thailand and Vietnam are fast adopting • Indonesia and the Philippines are also following this method

  24. A vast area is covered under direct seeded irrigated rice in the Malaysian Peninsula

  25. Transplanting method Some comparison and contrast Direct seeding method Grassy weeds are more associated Needs more fertilizer Additional split dose of fertilizer is useful Inter plant spacing is not quite uniform Weedy rice like red rice in addition to sedges and broad-leaved weeds Less fertilizer demand Additional split dose of fertilizer does not provide benefit Inter plant spacing is very regular

  26. Transplanting method Some comparison and contrast Direct seeding method Bacterial diseases are more frequent Insect-pest and rodent damage is minute It does not have such type of diseases Insect-pest and rodent damage is more

  27. Yield Comparison

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