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Acids, Bases, and Salts

Acids, Bases, and Salts. Acids. Definition: An acid is a substance that produces H + ions in solution. Properties of acids. Tastes sour Corrosive: eats away at other materials. Causes burns and tissue damage Able to conduct electricity. Properties of Acids.

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Acids, Bases, and Salts

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  1. Acids, Bases, and Salts

  2. Acids • Definition: An acid is a substance that produces H+ ions in solution

  3. Properties of acids • Tastes sour • Corrosive: eats away at other materials. Causes burns and tissue damage • Able to conduct electricity

  4. Properties of Acids • Forms H+ ions in solution • Examples include: gastric juices, vinegar, lemon juice, hydrochloric acid, aspirin, fertilizer, explosives • Litmus paper test: Turns litmus paper red

  5. BAses • Definition: A base is a substance that produces OH- ions in solution

  6. Properties of bases • Tastes bitter • Slippery feel. Strong bases can burn your skin • Able to conduct electricity

  7. Properties of bases • Forms OH- ions in solution • Examples include: soap, ammonia, oven and drain cleaner, deodorant, laxatives • Litmus paper test: Turns litmus paper blue

  8. Indicator • An indicator is a compound that changes color in the presence of an acid or base • Litmus paper is a common indicator. • It turns red in the presence of an acid • It turns blue in the presence of a base

  9. The ph scale

  10. The ph scale

  11. The ph scale

  12. Question You have probably seen commercials for antacids that describe how well these products neutralize excess stomach acid. • Would the pH of the antacid be higher or lower than 7? The answer is: higher than 7

  13. Neutralization • Only a base can neutralize and acid • Only an acid can neutralize a base • Definition: Neutralization is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base

  14. Neutralization • During a neutralization reaction, H3O+ ions from the acid combine with OH- ions from the base to produce water. • The reaction looks like this: H3O+ + OH- = 2H2O

  15. Neutralization • As the reactive H3O+ and OH- ions combine to form water, the acidic and basic properties of the reactants are canceled out, or neutralized • The equation only accounts for half of the ions present in the solution, though. • What happens to the remaining ions? They react to form a salt.

  16. Neutralization • Definition: A salt is a compound formed when the negative ions from an acid combine with the positive ions from a base.

  17. neutralization • Neutralization reactions are ionic. The equation below show what happens to all of the ions during a neutralization reaction. HCl + NaOH = H2O + NaCl (acid) (base) (water) (salt)

  18. Neutralization What do you think you will get if you combine hydrochloric acid with potassium hydroxide? HCl + KOH = ? (acid) (base) Answer: HCl + KOH = H2O + KCl (acid) (base) (water) (salt)

  19. Salts • Many substances you come into contact with everyday are salts. • The most common is NaCl, table salt. • Most salts are composed of a metal and a nonmetal other than oxygen. • Salts can also be composed of a metal and a polyatomic ion. Ammonium salts contain the polyatomic ion NH4+ rather than a nonmetal.

  20. salts • Salts also form when metals react with acids. Hydrogen gas is released during such reactions: H2SO4 + Zn = ZnSO4 + H2 (acid) (metal) (salt) (hydrogen gas)

  21. Neutralization reactionsHave the following properties: • Water is formed • Precipitate (salt solid) is formed • Color can change • Heat can be given off • Gas can be given off

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