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Egypt and Exodus – Part I

Egypt and Exodus – Part I. Exodus 1-18. Timeline Information. Period Name: Egypt and Exodus Center of Jewish history “Exodus” means “to leave” or “exit”. Narrative Books: Exodus Supplemental Books: Leviticus Development in God’s Family Plan Preparation for “One Holy Nation”.

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Egypt and Exodus – Part I

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  1. Egypt and Exodus – Part I Exodus 1-18

  2. Timeline Information • Period Name: • Egypt and Exodus • Center of Jewish history • “Exodus” means “to leave” or “exit”. • Narrative Books: • Exodus • Supplemental Books: • Leviticus • Development in God’s Family Plan • Preparation for “One Holy Nation”

  3. Timeline Information • Where the action is: • Egypt and the South (Sinai Desert region) • Time Period: • 1700-1280 BC • World Power at the Time: • Egypt • Secular History: • 1600 BC: First urban civilization in China • 1450 BC: Greek Language first written • 1300 BC: Building projects - Seti I and Ramses II

  4. Plot Summary • Oppression of Israelites • Israelite Nation grows for 430 years • Ramses enslaves them: he is afraid of their numbers (Israel Enslaved for 430 years - #15 on timeline) • Ramses orders all male babies drowned (Ex 1:22) • Birth of Moses (Ex 2: 1-10) • Nile River • Found by Ramses’ daughter

  5. Plot Summary • Moses as an adult (Ex 2: 11-22) • Moses kills an Egyptian who is abusing an Israelite • Moses runs to Midian • It is here that he is called by God…

  6. God Reveals Himself (Exodus 3) • The Burning Bush (#16 on timeline) • Near Mt. Horeb, Moses sees a bush burning (p. 103-107) • God then speaks to Moses: • Tell Pharaoh to release the Israelites • Lead them to Canaan (Promised Land) • Tells Moses His name: • YHWH (pronounced “Yahweh”) • “I AM WHO AM” (Ex 3:14)

  7. God Reveals Himself (Exodus 1-4) • Significance of “YHWH” • Personal • God of your father • Faithful • God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob • Intervening • I have come down to deliver • Works through His People • Come, I will send you • Desires worship

  8. God Reveals Himself (Exodus 1-4) • Significance of “YHWH” • God exists in the now. There is no tense to His name. • God makes Israel his next of kin and will redeem them. • Israel becomes his FIRST-BORN!

  9. God Reveals Himself • Moses – not a good speaker… Aaron (Ex 4: 10-17) • Aaron - first Jewish priest (rod) • All other priests will be from the tribe of Levi (Levitical Priesthood)

  10. Moses Confronts Pharaoh(Ex 5:1-9) • The Message: • YHWH wants us to go for 3 days to worship Him • Pharaoh refuses and Moses responds • Pharaoh responds by giving MORE work to the Israelites • “Let my first born (Israel) go or I will kill yours.”

  11. God Delivers Israel • Battle with Pharaoh (Ex 7: 1-13) • Turns Aaron’s rod into a snake • His snake eats Pharaoh's magicians’ snakes • Plagues are miracles of God that defeat a god of Pharaoh and Egypt • This is to show the Israelites and Egyptians that YHWH is the one true god

  12. God Delivers Israel (Ex 7:14-11:10) • The 10 Plagues (#17 on timeline) • God commands, Moses obeys, Pharaoh refuses • 1. Nile changes to blood • 2. Frogs • 3. Mosquitoes • 4. Flies • 5. Death of livestock

  13. 6. Boils • 7. Hail • 8. Locusts • 9. Darkness (3 days except in Goshen) • 10. Death of the first-born

  14. The 10th Plague • The Egyptian firstborn die that night • Pharaoh calls Moses and sends the Israelites out of Egypt • Blood of covenant • Angel of Death

  15. The Passover (#18) • Israel will be spared of the 10th plague • The people will be free • Paschal Lamb • Blood of lamb is put on doorpost of the Jewish house as a sign so the angel “passes over” the Jewish homes • Passover • Pesach (Hebrew)  “Passage” • Pasch (Aramaic)  “Passage”

  16. A commemoration of God’s love (OT) Death  life (firstborn) Slavery  freedom Egypt  Promised Land OT Lamb sacrificed – blood saves and body nourishes (physically) Jesus = Lamb of New Passover (NT) Death  resurrection Sin  life with God Mortality  immortality & everlasting life “Lamb of God” Jesus Christ sacrificed – blood saves & body nourishes (spiritually) Holy Eucharist – our “Passover to Christ” The Passover – A Memorial of God’s Love

  17. The Passover – A Liturgical Meal • Jesus is celebrating the Passover at the Last Supper • The Passover Meal: • Lamb – animal of sacrifice • Bitter herbs – reminder of slavery • Haroset (sweet sauce) – clay colored – reminder of brick making days • Matzos (unleavened bread) – recalls their fast departure (no time for bread to rise)

  18. The Flight (Ex 12: 37-42) • 600,000 men (plus women and children leave Egypt) • Escape 430 years that Israelites dwelt in Egypt • Bones of Joseph

  19. Journey to Sinai (Ex 13: 21-22) • The Israelites leave to the Sinai Peninsula • God protects the people by a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night • Pharaoh changes his mind… he needs slaves…

  20. Parting of the Red Sea (Ex 14: 10-21) (#19) • The greatest miracle of the Old Testament • This is the proof that God is caring for the Israelites • Baptism – freeing from sin • The Song of Moses celebrates this (Ex 15: 1-21)

  21. The Desert of Sin • As the Israelites complain, God provides: • Manna (#20) is the bread of heaven and quails (Ex 16: 1-8) • They must learn that God is a faithful provider • God is beginning a massive amount of revelation about holiness

  22. The Desert of Sin • As the Israelites complain, God provides: • Water is provided from the Rock (Meribah) (Ex 17: 1-7) • God helps them against the Amalekites (Ex 17: 8-16) • Israel wins as Moses extends his arms in prayer • This shows the battle against evil that can only be won with prayer

  23. Egypt and Exodus-- Part II Exodus 19-40

  24. Rules to Live By • Mt. Sinai • At campsite, God promises Israel… • A kingdom of priests to represent God to all • A holy nation • They will be “set apart” to have a special role

  25. Rules to Live By • Moses Meets with God (Ex 19:16-19) • Theophany: An appearance of God to a human; a divine manifestation • Moses is called to the top of Sinai to meet with God • Thunder and lightning and smoke • God is all powerful • Since the Israelite experience of religion has been the Egyptians, God must “cure” them of an expectation of polytheism and idol worship

  26. Rules to Live By (Ex 20: 1-17) • The 10 Commandments (The Decalogue) (#21) • The first three commandments deal with how Israel relates to God • The remaining commandments deal with others and flow from the first three • These rules describe how redeemed people live • SEE SPECIAL SHEET

  27. Nation Established • “All the words YHWH has spoken, we will do!” (Ex 24: 1-8) • With this, the Israelites confirm the covenant • Moses then writes the words of the covenant • Builds an altar • 12 Pillars = 12 Tribes • Sacrifices oxen on the altar • This is a holy animal from Egypt • Sprinkles half the blood on the altar and half on the people • Blood seals the covenant (fulfill the promises of Abraham)

  28. Covenant Broken • God calls Moses up to the top of Mt. Sinai • A Cloud covers the mountain for 6 days (Ex 32:1-35) • On the 7th God invites Moses into the cloud • Moses is with YHWH for 40 days and nights • The people demand Aaron make a god • Golden Calf (#22 on timeline)

  29. Covenant Broken • God calls Moses up to the top of Mt. Sinai • God tells Moses about the calf • Moses comes down, shatters the tablets (breaking the covenant) and melts the calf • God only punishes the guilty… and HOW? • Levitical Priesthood (#23 on timeline)

  30. Rules for Worship • Moses again goes to God • God orders the Tabernacle (#24 on timeline) and Ark of the Covenant be constructed. • Tent of Meeting = portable temple • God dwells wherever the Ark of the Covenant is located

  31. Rules for Worship • Ark of the Covenant = (Throne of God on Earth) (Ex 37: 1-9) • Manna • Permanent remembrance of the bread of God • Testimony • Stone tablets with the commandments • Aaron’s Rod • Priestly authority (added later)

  32. The Ark Held Manna, bread from heaven Holds the Word of God in the Testimonies Aaron’s rod God is present Mary Held Jesus Christ, the Eucharist Held the Word made flesh Jesus is High Priest Emmanuel: God is with us Rules for Worship

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