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Liberty Seated Coinage: A Collector’s Overview August 10, 2010 Bill Bugert

Liberty Seated Coinage: A Collector’s Overview August 10, 2010 Bill Bugert. ½ dimes and dimes – wreath and laurel, legend, and denomination Later wreath of agricultural products Other denominations – eagle with shield, olive branch, and arrows.

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Liberty Seated Coinage: A Collector’s Overview August 10, 2010 Bill Bugert

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  1. Liberty Seated Coinage: A Collector’s Overview August 10, 2010 Bill Bugert

  2. ½ dimes and dimes – wreath and laurel, legend, and denomination Later wreath of agricultural products Other denominations – eagle with shield, olive branch, and arrows Basic Liberty Seated DesignMinted 1837-1891Designed by Christian Gobrecht • Goddess Liberty • In a flowing dress • Seated on rock • Shield symbolizes defense • Pole with cap symbolizing freedom • 13 stars = 13 colonies

  3. Flying eagle in field of stars/no stars With/without Gobrecht’s name Stars/no stars obverse Drapery/no drapery below Liberty’s elbow Large rock support/reduced rock support 2 or 3 vertical obverse shield stripes 6, 9, 10 horizontal stripes on reverse shield Tilted/upright obverse shield Eagle, wreath & Laurel, agricultural reverse Minutes hub variations – open/closed claws, open/closed buds Arrows/no arrows at date Outstretching rays on reverse Motto/no Motto Stars obverse, legend obverse Small/large stars on obverse Many Liberty Seated Design Variations (Types)

  4. For the Die Hard Collectors! • Countless die marriages and interesting varieties • Double dies, double dates, misplaced dates, repunched dates, repunched mintmarks, etc. • Half Dollars • San Francisco – 1855-1878, 230 die marriages • Carson City – 1870-1878, 97 die marriages • New Orleans – 1840-1861, 417 die marriages • Philadelphia – 1839-1891, 1,000+ die marriages • These totals don’t include the reed count variations!

  5. Food for Thought! • Plenty in the Liberty Seated series to spark your collector interest • Collect by: • Type • Denomination • Date set • Varieties • Complete set • Specific number • Date, Mint, etc. • What’s popular or what’s unpopular • Attractive coins • Budget

  6. Christian Gobrecht (1785-1844) • 1785: Born in Hanover, PA (South-central PA) • Clockmaker, inventor, diemaker, engraver • 1811: Moved to Philadelphia • 1823: Applied for Chief Engraver • 1835-1840: Second Engraver • 1840-1844: Chief Engraver • Patterns, medals, regular issue Liberty Seated coinage

  7. Gobrecht’s Birthplace and Grave Lawnview Memorial Park, Rockledge, PA Trinity United Church of Christ parking lot, Hanover, PA Site of the old Emmanuel Church

  8. 1830s: Evolution of the 2nd US Mint 1833: Second U.S. Mint opens in Philadelphia at Chestnut/Juniper Streets First United States Mint in Philadelphia, 7th Street & Sugar Alley, c. 1854 “The inadequacy of the present accomodations of the Mint has become so obvious and the unsightly aspect which the buildings present is so little suitable to its character as a National Institution….” ---Mint Director Samuel Moore, 1828

  9. Changes in Minting Technology(Coincidental with change from bust to seated design) • 1833 - 1835: Franklin Peale tours Europe, brings back latest minting technology • 1836: Portrait lathe introduced; engravers now working with clay/wax models instead of die steel • 1836: Steam press replaces manual screw press for minting coins • 1840: Compound date punches used

  10. Bust/Seated Transition 1840-O WB-101, reverse of Bust half (obverse matched to O-mint regular dies)

  11. Bust/Seated Transition

  12. Establishment of the New Orleans Branch Mint • Southern territorial gold dating in 1830’s • Southern Branch mints (New Orleans, Charlotte, Dahlonega) enacted in 1835 in response to southern gold mining and increasing commerce through New Orleans • Built in 1837, Liberty Seated coinage began with half dimes and dimes in 1838

  13. 1838-O Dime

  14. 1848 - Gold discovered at Sutter’s Mill near Coloma, CA Influx of prospectors - thriving economy No nearby source of legal circulating coinage 1852 - Congress authorized SF Branch Mint 1854 - Dies received Silver coinage commenced in 1855 thru 1891 for Liberty Seated design San FranciscoBranch Mint

  15. Early SF Coinage:1855-S Branch Mint Proof 50c 3 known DLRC Richmond III 3/2005:1797

  16. Early SF Coinage: 1856-S/s 25c Stack’s 2007 ANA 8/2007:525, NGC AU58 $40,000

  17. 1850s Types: 1853 A&R Quarter

  18. Civil War Coinage: 1861-O “Confederate” Half Dollar Diagnostic: die crack to from rim to Liberty’s nose (WB-102) See also: R. Wiley, GJs #94, 97

  19. With Motto Coinage • Precipitated by the horrors seen in the Civil War and American belief in God • Initially adopted by Congress on the Two Cent piece in 1864 • Related pattern coinage beginning in 1861 • The Act of March 3, 1865 mandated that all silver and gold coins of sufficient size bear the motto, In God We Trust

  20. With Motto Coinage:1870-CC Half Dollar

  21. 1859 - Discovery of the Comstock Lode led to a large amount of gold and silver bullion being mined in the area 1864 - CC Nevada assay office authorized by Congress 1866 - Construction began 1869 - Building completed; dies shipped 1870 - Coinage began 1870 - 1878 - Liberty Seated silver coinage 1870 - 1873 - Carson City silver coinage often found with porous surfaces (coin planchets procured locally) Carson City Branch Mint

  22. Carson City Coinage: 1870-1893

  23. Carson City Coinage: 1873-CC 10c

  24. Expanding Silver Coinage • Specie Payment Redemption Act of January 1875 declared that large quantities of silver coinage be issued to redeem fractional paper money • U.S. Mint purchased large quantities of silver bullion in 1875 and 1876 • Increased quantities of 10¢, 25¢, and 50¢ minted at all mints

  25. Expanding Silver Coinage: 1876-S 25c

  26. Late Date Seated Coinage • Bland-Allison Act of 1878 mandated that the U.S. Treasury purchase $2M - $4M of silver bullion each month for coining silver dollars • Sec. Treasurer John Sherman suspended production of subsidiary coinage in Feb. 1878 • Reduced production of minor coinage

  27. Late Date Seated Coinage: 1881 Quarter

  28. Liberty Seated DenominationsOverview

  29. Liberty Seated Half Dimes • Minted from 1837-1873 at 3 Mints (P,O,S) • Type coins • No Obverse Stars (1837-1838) • Obverse Stars, No Drapery (1838-1840) • Obverse Stars, With Drapery (1840-1853 and 1856-1859) • With Arrows at Date (1853-1855) • With Obverse Legend (1860-1873)

  30. Liberty Seated Half Dimes • Complete business strike set contains 70 coins • Difficulty level: Challenging • Key coins: 1846, 1853-O No Arrows, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866 and 1867

  31. Liberty Seated Half Dimes • Die variety collecting becoming more popular The Complete Guide to Liberty Seated Half Dimes Al Blythe, DLRC Press 1992

  32. Liberty Seated Dimes • Minted from 1837-1891 at 4 Mints • Type coins • No Obverse Stars (1837-1838) • Obverse Stars, No Drapery (1838-1840) • Obverse Stars, With Drapery (1840-1853 and 1856-1860) • With Arrows at Date (1853-1855) • With Obverse Legend (1860-1873 and 1875-1891) • With Arrows at Date (1873-1874)

  33. Liberty Seated Dimes • Complete business strike set contains 114 coins • Difficulty level: Extremely challenging • Key coins: 1844, 1846, 1856-S, 1858-S, 1859-S, 1860-O, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1870-S, 1871-CC, 1872-CC, 1873-CC, 1874-CC, and 1885-S

  34. Liberty Seated Dimes • Die variety collecting is popular The Complete Guide to Liberty Seated Dimes Brian Greer, DLRC Press 1992 Encyclopedia of United States Liberty Seated Dimes, 1837-1891 Kamal M. Ahwash, Kamah Press 1977 Fortin Liberty Seated Dime Web Book Gerry Fortin, http://www.seateddimevarieties.com

  35. Liberty Seated Twenty Cents • Minted from 1875-1878 at 3 Mints (P,S,CC) • 1877 and 1878 coins are all proofs • One type coin for series • Complete business strike set contains 4 coins, excluding the super rarity of 1876-CC • Difficulty level: Easy • Complete proof set contains 4 coins • Difficulty level: Attainable • No book on series • Series not popular

  36. Liberty Seated Quarters • Minted from 1838-1891 at 4 Mints (P,O,S,CC) • Type coins • No Drapery on Obverse (1838-1840) • With Drapery on Obverse (1840-1853 and 1856-1865) • With Arrows and Rays (1853) • With Arrows (1854-1855) • With Motto on Reverse (1866-1873 and 1875-1891) • With Arrows (1873-1874)

  37. Liberty Seated Quarters • Complete business strike set contains 108 coins • Difficulty level: Extremely challenging • Grade Rarity: 1859-S, 1861-S • Key coins: 1849-O, 1851-O, 1852-O, 1853 No Arrows, 1860-S, 1864-S, 1866, 1869, 1870-CC, 1871-CC, 1871-S, 1872-CC, 1872-S, 1873-CC, 1878-S, 1884, 1886, 1887, and 1891-O

  38. Liberty Seated Quarters • Die variety collecting is becoming more popular The Comprehensive Encyclopedia Of United States Liberty Seated Quarters Larry Briggs, Larry Briggs Rare Coins, 1991

  39. Liberty Seated Half Dollars • Minted from 1838-1891 at 4 Mints (P,O,S,CC) • Type coins • No Drapery on Obverse (1839) • With Drapery on Obverse, No Motto (1839-1853 and 1856-1866) • With Arrows and Rays (1853) • With Arrows (1854-1855) • With Motto on Reverse (1866-1873 and 1875-1891) • With Arrows (1873-1874)

  40. Liberty Seated Half Dollars • Complete business strike set contains 112 coins • Difficulty level: Very challenging • Key coins: 1850, 1851, 1852, 1855-S, 1866-S No Motto, 1870-CC, 1871-CC, 1873-CC No Arrows, 1874-CC, 1878-CC, 1878-S • Super rarities • 1853-O NA - 3 known • 1866 No motto - Unique

  41. Liberty Seated Half Dollars • Die variety collecting is very popular The Complete Guide to Liberty Seated Half Dollars Randy Wiley & Bill Bugert, DLRC Press, 1993 New Book – May 2009 SF Branch Mint Die Varieties By Bill Bugert New Book – May 2010 CC Branch Mint Die Varieties By Bill Bugert

  42. Liberty Seated Dollars • Minted from 1840-1873 at 4 Mints (P,O,S,CC) • Type coins • No Motto (1840-1865) • With Motto (1866-1873) • Complete business strike set contains 43 coins • Difficulty level: Very challenging • Key coins: 1851, 1852, 1854, 1855, 1861, 1862, 1870-CC, 1870-S, 1871-CC, 1872-CC, and 1873-CC

  43. Liberty Seated Dollars • 1858 is a proof only issue that is highly valued • Die variety collecting is not popular Silver Dollars and Trade Dollars of the United States (Volume One) Q. David Bowers, Bowers and Merena Galleries, 1993

  44. Trade Dollars • Thematic Liberty Seated influenced design by William Barber • Issued for circulation in the Orient • Minted from 1873-1885 • 1879-1885 are proofs only • One type coin for series

  45. Trade Dollars • Complete business strike set contains 17 coins • Difficulty level: Attainable • Key coin: 1878-CC • 1884 and 1885 proofs are extreme rarities

  46. Trade Dollars • Die variety collecting is becoming more popular • Chopmarked (counter-stamped Oriental characters) collecting is also becoming more popular • Modern Chinese counterfeits Silver Dollars and Trade Dollars of the United States (Volume One) Q. David Bowers, Bowers and Merena Galleries, 1993 The United States Trade Dollar John Willem, Whitman Publishing, 1965

  47. Resources

  48. Liberty Seated Collectors Club (LSCC) Dues are $20 per year. Three issues of The Gobrecht Journal are published annually. Web Site: http://www.lsccweb.org John McCloskey, President and Editor: John.McCloskey@notes.udayton.edu Club Memberships: Len Augsburger Secretary-Treasurer LSCC P.O. Box 6114, Vernon Hills, IL 60061

  49. Additional Resources • Walter Breen, Complete Encyclopedia of U.S. and Colonial Coins, 1988 • Don Taxay, U.S. Mint and Coinage, 1966 • Neil Carothers, Fractional Money, 1930 • Gobrecht Journal, Collective Volumes 1-5

  50. Electronic Resources • E-Gobrecht • Free monthly electronic newsletter available to all • 2006 and 2008 ANA “Best Electronic Publication” • Subscribe via Bill Bugert at wb8cpy@earthlink.net • LSCC Website • http://www.lsccweb.org • Gobrecht Journal index, issues #1 - #99 • Free chat board • E-Gobrecht archives • Fortin Seated Dime Web-Book • http://www.seateddimevarieties.com

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