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COAST WORKSHOP (Jan. 24-25 th ): FOUR REASONS FOR HIGH FREQUENCY DATA

COAST WORKSHOP (Jan. 24-25 th ): FOUR REASONS FOR HIGH FREQUENCY DATA (biased on our experiences). Oscar Schofield, Josh Kohut & Scott Glenn Coastal Ocean Observation Lab. Thanks to Bob Arnone, Bob, Chant, Gary Kirkpatrick, Steve Lohrenz, Kevin Mahoney. GSFC, NASA.

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COAST WORKSHOP (Jan. 24-25 th ): FOUR REASONS FOR HIGH FREQUENCY DATA

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  1. COAST WORKSHOP (Jan. 24-25th): FOUR REASONS FOR HIGH FREQUENCY DATA (biased on our experiences) Oscar Schofield, Josh Kohut & Scott Glenn Coastal Ocean Observation Lab Thanks to Bob Arnone, Bob, Chant, Gary Kirkpatrick, Steve Lohrenz, Kevin Mahoney

  2. GSFC, NASA NATURAL VARIABILITY: Where do you put a mooring? Where do drive the ship? When should I be out there? Thanks Mossian (NASA) and Wilkins (Rutgers) -SPATIAL RESOLUTION YES, TEMPORAL RESOLUTION REASONS?

  3. In NorthEast United States: Build up afternoon thunder heads and cumulus compromise passes later in to afternoon. Morning passes get through passes a few hours later do not FY1-C ch9/ch7 August 17, 2000 13:20 GMT SeaWiFS - Chl-a August 16, 2000 17:17 GMT Benefits of high frequency -Weather: Local weather can compromise imagery if the pass is unfortunately timed.

  4. PROBLEM: CROSS CALIBRATING DIVERSE SYSTEMS The current mode to overcome these diel weather effects, is to tap into multiple satellite systems. Problems: -getting access to all Available systems -some systems only release derived products, can’t easily compare raw data or calculate evolving products -distributed sampling over the day. OCM passes ~ 20 minutes after SeaWIFS. -If you want real-time feed you need both X-band and L-Band facilities

  5. REGIONS AROUND THE COUNTRY WHERE THESE DIEL • EFFECTS MAY IMPORTANT • - Gulf of Maine: Morning fog and haze • Mid & South Atlantic Bights: Afternoon cumulus, afternoon sea breezes • Gulf of Mexico: Afternoon cumulus, afternoon sea breezes • West Coast United States: Morning fog and haze -High frequency data will enable researchers by collecting data throughout the day. This maximizes the potential of collecting imagery during the “open” window of time. This window will vary with region and ocean.

  6. EVENTS AND OCEAN RESPONSE

  7. Ocean Response to a Northeaster (Oct. 2002) FY-1D (Chinese Satellite Locally Acquired In Real Time) Before the Storm After the Storm ? SeaWiFS (US Satellite from a National Center 2-Days Later)

  8. 50 cm/s Surface Currents Depth-Averaged Currents January 16, 2005 10:47 – January 19, 2005 16:50 Clear sky bb(532nm)

  9. 10 10 10 30 30 30 Jan. 04 May. 04 50 50 50 Oct. 03 70 70 70 bb532 bb470 bb470 90 90 90 25-May-2004 15:06:08 - 02-Jun-2004 14:55:30 20-Jan-2004 05:24:33 - 30-Jan-2004 13:38:55 28-Oct-2003 16:59:50 - 02-Nov-2003 20:21:03 110 110 110 10 30 Feb. 04 50 Sept. 04 Nov. 03 70 bb470 90 26-Feb-2004 20:10:30 - 03-Mar-2004 05:11:02 110 10 10 30 30 Mar. 04 Nov. 03 50 50 Sept. 04 70 70 bb470 90 90 bb532 02-Nov-2003 20:39:08 - 09-Nov-2003 04:18:36 16-Sep-2004 15:00:53 - 23-Sep-2004 11:57:27 110 110 110 10 10 10 30 30 30 50 Jan. 04 50 50 May. 04 70 Oct. 04 70 70 bb470 bb532 bb532 90 90 90 03-Mar-2004 05:48:27 - 15-Mar-2004 16:55:18 14-Jan-2004 18:32:09 - 20-Jan-2004 05:19:02 23-Sep-2004 11:57:27 – 23-Sep-2004 18:02:09 110 110 10 10 74:10 74:00 73:50 73:40 73:30 73:20 73:10 30 30 50 50 74:10 74:00 73:50 73:40 73:30 73:20 73:10 70 70 bb470 bb532 90 90 27-Sep-2004 18:02:09 – 02-Oct-2004 04:55:34 10-Nov-2003 07:54:12 - 18-Nov-2003 01:12:44 110 110 10 30 50 70 bb470 90 19-May-2004 14:30:59 - 25-May-2004 08:12:51 110 74:10 74:00 73:50 73:40 73:30 73:20 73:10 NJSOS Endurance Line: Seasonal Cross-Shelf Optical Backscatter Transects 1 day HOURLY DATA OR BETTER IS THE KEY Depth Longitude

  10. 31º 29º 27º 28º 25º 27.5º -87º -85º -83º -81º October 2001 EcoHAB Diel Station 27º October 2001 EcoHAB Station 26.5º -84º -83.5º -83º -82.5º Assist In Detection and Classification Some properties have a diel cycle associated with it. Documenting the diel dynamics can thus potentially assist in documenting and identifying material in the ocean Case example and idea: Detection of K. brevis

  11. 0 0.20 A) Depth (m) 5 atotal 676 nm 0.10 When K. brevis Blooms, conditions tend to be calm. Under these Conditions the cells exhibit a dramatic diel migration. The net result is a 10X increase in cells at the air-sea interface over a several hour period. 10 1.6 A) Karenia brevis cell abundance B) 0.30 1.2 Cells L-1 (x105) 0.8 dissolved a(440) (m-1) 0.25 0.4 0.20 0.0 08:00 14:00 20:00 02:00 Time of Day

  12. 0.16 0.05 Detritus optical weight Phytoplankton optical weight 0.04 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.07 0.36 0.16 0.06 0.32 Depth (m) Depth (m) Depth (m) Depth (m) 5 5 5 5 CDOM optical weight 0.28 0.05 0.12 Chl fluorescence/phyto. optical wt. 0.24 0.04 0.08 10 10 10 10 C) 0.20 0.03 0.04 0100 0100 0100 0100 2000 2000 2000 2000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1500 1500 1500 1500 0500 0500 0500 0500 Local daylight time Local daylight time

  13. 4 A) 0900 1000 1200 3 1600 Relative Rrs at 400 nm 2 bbphyto h a-phyto h bbphyto h 1 bbphyto h, fluor. h a-phyto h 0 400 500 600 700 800 Wavelength (nm) Relative increase in remote sensing reflectance at 750 nm ( ) ABSOLUTE REFELCTANCE CHANGES COLOR IS MODIFIED OVER A 4 HOUR PERIOD B) 22% 75% 2.7 0.4 Relative increase in remote sensing reflectance at 500 nm ( ) and 676 nm ( ) 2.3 0.2 35% 1.9 1.5 0 0800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Local Daylight Time (LDT)

  14. 0.012 0.008 backscatter (m-1, 488 nm) 0.004 0.012 chlorophyll fluorescence 0.004 R2 = 0.88 0.1 0.3 0.5 absorption (m-1, 488 nm) 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 absorption (m-1, 488 nm) THIS WOULD COMPLEMENT THE EXISITING DETECTIONAPPROACHES BASED ON UNIQUE OPTICS HOURLY DATA OR BETTER IS THE KEY

  15. PLUMES, BLOOMS, AND EPISODIC EVENTS

  16. Upwelling Downwelling Wind Dir. Geyer and Fong Lagrangian Transport and Transformation Experiment in the Hudson River Plume Downwelling Upwelling Wind Dir. 25 cm/s

  17. HR discharges Atmo dep Hg° Hg(II) Hg° hv, bacteria H2O2, bacteria W S N S N How are human activities affected by the oceans, and do human activities underlie many of the observed changes in the ocean? What are the effects of the oceans, and the potential feedbacks from our activities, on humankind? Dissolved gaseous (elemental) mercury (Hg°) in the Hudson River buoyant plume

  18. OCM - Chlorophyll OCM – Total Suspended Matter Plume detection using Ocean Color Sensors May 4, 2004 360-m Resolution May 4, 2004

  19. Radial CODAR velocities along the New Jersey Coast 30 cm/s Radial Velocity (cm/s)

  20. Evolution of a freshwater plume : May 4, 2004 0600 GMT Winds (m/s) Tidal Elevation (m) Freshwater Outflow (m3/s) CODAR Total Vector Currents

  21. Evolution of a freshwater plume : May 3, 2004 1200 GMT Winds (m/s) Tidal Elevation (m) Freshwater Outflow (m3/s) CODAR Total Vector Currents

  22. The Tidal impact on the plume Tidal Velocity (M2 &K1) Radial Velocity (cm/s) Radial Velocity (cm/s) Detided Velocity

  23. LaTTE: Adaptive Sampling based on Operational Center Data Products Dye Release and Acoustic Fish Larval Surveys 0 10 20 30 40 HOURLY DATA OR BETTER IS THE KEY 04-May-2004 16:13:26 - 10-May-2004 10:30:08 (GMT) Plume Edge Seaward of the edge Shoreward of the edge Depth (m) ~18 m Sea floor Time/Distance -73°54’ -73°52’ -73°50’ -73°48’ -73°46’ -73°44’

  24. Examples why higher frequency data will be most welcome: -minimizes gaps, critical for monitoring events & overcomes local weather problems -critical to nearshore transport and transformation (pollution) -classification and detection tools

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