Aldehydes (p. 9)

1. Aldehydes (p. 9) • Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to the beginning (1st Carbon) or end (last Carbon) of a parent carbon chain. • General form: O O R-C-H H-C-R • Naming: • Drop the “e” from the alkane name and add “al”

2. Example O C-C-H Ethane ( - e ) add al Ethanal

3. Name: O C O C-C-C-C 2-methyl-1,4-butanedial (you are supposed to keep the “e”)

4. Ketones (p. 10) • Organic compounds in which the carbonyl group is attached to carbons within the parent carbon chain (not at the beginning or end). • General form: O R-C-R’ • Naming: • Drop the “e” from the alkane name and add “one”. • “one” is pronouced “own” • Give the position # for the carbonyl.

5. Example: O C-C-C 2-propanone

6. Example: CO O C-C-C-C-C-C 5-methyl-2,3-hexanedione

7. Carboxylic Acids (p. 11) • Carboxyl group: O or O -C-OH HO-C- • Organic compounds that contain a carboxyl functional group. • Can only be on the ends.

8. Carboxylic Acids (p. 11) O • General formula: R-C-OH • Naming: • If one carboxyl group • Drop the “e” from the alkane name and add “-oic acid”. (No number needed for the carboxyl group)

9. Example: O C-C-C-C-C-C-OH hexanoic acid

10. Example: CO C-C-C-C-C-C-OH 5-methyl hexanoic acid

11. If more that one carboxyl group. • One on each end of the parent chain. • -dioic acid.

12. Example: OO HO-C-C-C-C-OH 1,4-butanedioic acid