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This document discusses the inherent conflicts that arise in academic research, particularly focusing on the case of software development in a university astronomy department. It highlights the obligations to employers, professional duties, sponsors, and the pursuit of recognition and monetary gain. The paper describes how researchers, including Dr. Helpful and graduate students in Prof. Black-Hole’s lab, manage conflicts of commitment and interest while developing their general-purpose software, PhotonBlaster, aimed at analyzing stellar spectra. It emphasizes the importance of transparency and careful planning in addressing these challenges.
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León, Guanajuato 2010 PAVETT 2010 Module 1 – Final Fernando Baquero, Teresa de Leon Zamora & Patrick Jones
Commercialization Research Common Basic Assumption in T2 Organizational/Economic Audience/Focus Economic Purpose Academic Purpose Individual/Societal
Activity Reality Organizational/Economic Audience/Focus Economic Purpose Academic Purpose Individual/Societal
Origins of Conflicts Arise Through A Conflict Among Obligations • To Employers • To Profession (Including Students & Patients) • To Sponsors of Research And Desires • For Recognition • For Monetary Gain • For Avoidance Of Responsibilities or Accountability Enabled By Our Authority To Act or Not Act
Types of Conflicts • Conflict of Commitment Activities May Affect (or Appear to Affect) Commitment to Academic (Job) Responsibilities • Conflict of Interest Activities May Affect (or Appear to Affect) Judgment Associated With Academic (Job) Responsibilities They are managed by transparency and planning
Dr. Helpful, a research scientist, and two graduate students in the Astronomy department group of Prof. Black-Hole have created software for analyzing stellar spectra • Fact Pattern: • The researchers are using a new method devised by the graduate students • The method and software was developed in government-funded research in Prof. Black-Hole’s lab which paid Dr. Helpful and the two students • Prof. Black-Hole and Dr. Helpful are preparing an article for publication; they have submitted an invention disclosure on the method naming Prof. Black-Hole, Dr. Helpful, and the students as inventors • The software, PhotonBlaster, is general purpose and can analyze any light source • Prof. Black-Hole and his team want to release the software “open source” • The graduate students have a company that consults on analyzing laser sources • Prof. Black-Hole consults for an industry partner on the characterization of their light sources and uses one of the graduate students
Dr. Helpful, a research scientist, and two graduate students in the Astronomy department group of Prof. Black-Hole have created software for analyzing stellar spectra • Fact Pattern: • The researchers are using a new method devised by the graduate students • The method and software was developed in government-funded research in Prof. Black-Hole’s lab which paid Dr. Helpful and the two students • Prof. Black-Hole and Dr. Helpful are preparing an article for publication; they have submitted an invention disclosure on the method naming Prof. Black-Hole, Dr. Helpful, and the students as inventors • The software, PhotonBlaster, is general purpose and can analyze any light source • Prof. Black-Hole and his team want to release the software “open source” • The graduate students have a company that consults on analyzing laser sources • Prof. Black-Hole consults for an industry partner on the characterization of their light sources and uses one of the graduate students
