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Mobile phones as a tool for learning

Mobile phones as a tool for learning. by Mats Reinsby -2007-. Outline. Why use mobile phones for learning? Limitations for mobile as learning tool Why metadata? What is SCORM? Research questions Methods used Results from literature studies The evaluation of SCORM Summary.

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Mobile phones as a tool for learning

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  1. Mobile phones as a tool for learning by Mats Reinsby -2007-

  2. Outline • Why use mobile phones for learning? • Limitations for mobile as learning tool • Why metadata? • What is SCORM? • Research questions • Methods used • Results from literature studies • The evaluation of SCORM • Summary

  3. Why mobile phones? • Widespread • Portabel • Universal • Available • Learn anytime, anywhere!

  4. Limitations • Technical limitations • Hard to concentrate in some settings • Expensive to download content • Difficult to adapt all content to mobile • Need metadata to enable filtering of content

  5. Metadata • Data about technical and pedagogical requirements • Tell the system what it needs from device • SCORM allows metadata

  6. SCORM • Sharable Content Object Reference Model • Project startet by DoD through ADL i 1997 • Collection of standards from several international organizations (AICC, ARIADNE, IEEE LTSC, IMS) • Resulted in a Content Model for learning material. • De facto standard within e- Learningindustry

  7. SCORM CAM • Content Aggregation Model • Organization • SCO or Asset • All levels can be tagged • Metadata based on IEEE LOM

  8. IEEE LOM • Based on XML • Developed for e- Learning content • Nine categories: • Technical and Educational relevant • Developed by IEEE LTSC in 2002 General Technical Relation Life Cycle Educational Annotation Meta-metadata Rights Classification

  9. Outline • Why use mobile phones for learning? • Limitations for mobile as learning tool • Why metadata? • What is SCORM? • Research questions • Methods used • Results from literature studies • The evaluation of SCORM • Summary

  10. Research questions What flaws and shortcomings that will limit the utilization of mobile phones as a tool for learning can be found in the SCORM metadata specifications? 1. What properties are important to consider when serving learning content to mobile devices? 2. What are the most important features of an LMS designed to support the use of mobile devices as a tool for learning? 3. How can the SCORM metadata specifications be extended to better support the delivery of learning content to mobile devices?

  11. Methods • Literature study on learning objects • Literature study on mobile learning • Literature study on SCORM • Studying various LMS’ • Studying current and future mobile phones • Evaluating SCORM based on criteria identified through studies

  12. 10 important properties - Screen properties (based on device detected) • Input requirements (based on device detected) • Processing power (based on device detected) • Storage needs (based on device detected) • Connection speed (based on device detected) • Browser functionality (based on device detected) • Learning situation (based on user input on login) • Learner style (based on learner profile) • Knowledge level (based on learner profile+ history) • Time available (based on user input on login)

  13. Evaluation of SCORM <educational> <interactivity_type>Expositive</…> <typical_age_range>18-25</…> <difficulty>Very hard</…> <semantic_density>Very high</…> </educational> <technical> <format>video/mpeg</format> <size>14349389</size> <duration>PT1M45S</duration> </technical> Screen properties Input requirements Processing power Storage needs Connection speed Browser functionality Learning situation Learner style Knowledge level Time available

  14. Evaluation of SCORM • All 10 properties possible to specify? • Consistent syntax? • Room for extensions? • Model suitable for purpose? • Possible to implement good filtering?

  15. Evaluation of SCORM Fully supported Not supported Size Storage Input Connection Screen size Situation Knowledge Learner style Browser Processing power

  16. Summary – what’s missing? • Consistent way to describe learning content’s requirements to a device • Strict schema for metadata tags • Element dedicated to describe screen size and resolution • A way to indicate required processing power • An industry willing to cooperate! • …or Tank! 

  17. Any questions? Thank you for listening!

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