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Breast Cancer

Breast Cancer . Shirley Moncada Kelly Mentasti Ashlee Mehle Amber Isley. What is Breast Cancer?. Genetics and Breast Cancer. Genetic testing Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes Lifetime risk for women with mutation is 82% Breast cancer and men with gene mutations

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Breast Cancer

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  1. Breast Cancer • Shirley Moncada • Kelly Mentasti • Ashlee Mehle • Amber Isley

  2. What is Breast Cancer?

  3. Genetics and Breast Cancer • Genetic testing • Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes • Lifetime risk for women with mutation is 82% • Breast cancer and men with gene mutations • Possible BRCA3 gene on C-13 • TP53 mutations • HER-2 gene

  4. Types of Brest Cancer • Non-invasive Breast Cancer • Stage 0 • Invasive Breast Cancer • Stage 1 thru Stage 4

  5. Breast Cancer Stages • 0 – noninvasive, most favorable • I– Less than ¾ of an inch, has not spread • II – small, has spread or large, has not spread • III– larger size (greater than 2 in) with lymph node involvement, some inflammatory • IV– tumor metastasized to another part of body, least favorable

  6. Breast Cancer Stages • Stage 0 • Stage 1

  7. Breast lump Lump in auxiliary Lump above collarbone Breast discharge Noticing new nipple inversion Skin changes Thickening of breast Redness Changes in texture and puckering Symptoms Include:

  8. Benign Benign cysts Fibroadenomas Fat Necrosis Sclerosing Adenoma Fibrocystic changes Intraductal Papilloma Injury Hormones Malignant Carcinoma In Situ (non invasive) Invasive cancer Benign vs. Malignant

  9. Non-Invasive • Ductal Carcinoma In Situ • Lobular Carcinoma In Situ • Paget’s Disease

  10. Invasive • Ductal Carcinoma • Lobular Carcinoma • Inflammatory Carcinoma

  11. Treatment • Hormone therapy • Chemotherapy • Lumpectomy • Mastectomy • Post-mastectomy radiotherapy

  12. Hormone therapy is the manipulation of the body’s hormones by blocking them from binding to protein receptors on cancer cells. Recommended for patients whose breast tumors contain hormone receptor protein. Drugs/Strategies used in hormone therapy: Tamoxifen Letrozole Ovarian ablation Hormone therapytreatment

  13. Hormone Therapy as a form of prevention • Tamoxifen • Raloxifene • Structure of raloxifene

  14. Question • What type of inhibition is tamoxifen? • Non-competitive • Allosteric • Competitive • Super • Spider-man

  15. Overview of how hormone therapy works • Tamoxifen, the most researched form of hormone therapy • An antiestrogen • Binds to estrogen receptor sites on target cells

  16. Chemotherapy • Chemotherapy is a systemic treatment that is intended to kill cancer cells in the body. • Recommended for pre and post menopausal women up to age 70 years with node-positive and node-negative disease. • Administered as an injection, tablet, or as a cream • Dosages of 4-6 courses of treatment, 3-6 months in length provide optimal benefit.

  17. A lumpectomy is the removal of the tumor from the breast. A mastectomy is the removal of the entire breast in which the tumor is located. Lumpectomy vs Mastectomytreatment

  18. Post-Mastectomy Radiotherapy • Is recommended for patients with four or more positive lymph nodes or an advanced primary tumor • Must be coordinated with polychemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy • Must be administered within the first 6 months of the mastectomy treatment

  19. Prophylactic Mastectomy • Mastectomy as a form of prevention • Has been found in preliminary study to decrease lifetime risk by 90% in women who are high risk

  20. Risk Factors • Genetics • Age • Environment • Lifestyle

  21. Age • Incidence of breast cancer doubles for women every ten years up until menopause • Length of high production of estrogen (between menarche and menopause) has effects on risk of breast cancer • Women who begin menstruating at an early age or have menopause at a late age are at a greater risk • Late age at first birth and nulliparity also increase the risk of breast cancer substantially

  22. Environment • Environment is more important than genetic factors in determining the risk of breast cancer • Relationship between environment and lifestyle

  23. Age-Standardized Incidence of breast cancer per 100,000

  24. Statistics • Lifetime risk of developing breast cancer in the United States is 12.5% for women • Breast cancer comprises 32% of female cancers in the US, and less than 2% for males • Mortality in breast cancer is 19% in the United States, and is greatly reduced by regular breast self-exams and mammograms

  25. Statistics

  26. Some Facts • About 200,000 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer this year. • One in seven women will develop breast cancer. • 1,000 men will develop breast cancer this year.

  27. Some facts • If someone in your immediate family has had breast cancer you should start at age 30. • Mammograms should be taken yearly starting at age 40 and up.

  28. Useful Web site • Y-me www.y-me.org • National Cancer Institute www.nci.nih.gov • National Alliance of Breast Cancer Organization www.nabco.org

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