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2. Piaget's theory of logical development. The sensory-motor period (0-2)action-based knowledgePeriod of concrete operations (7-11)symbolic knowledge (e.g., about transitivity)Period of formal operations (11-12)second-order reasoninghypothetico-deductive reasoning(e.g., pendulum task)abili
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1. 1 3: The development of logical reasoning
Outline
Piagets theory
Conditional reasoning
Limitations of the Piagetian view
Research into conditional reasoning
Analogical reasoning
2. 2 Piagets theory of logical development The sensory-motor period (0-2)
action-based knowledge
Period of concrete operations (7-11)
symbolic knowledge
(e.g., about transitivity)
Period of formal operations (11-12)
second-order reasoning
hypothetico-deductive reasoning
(e.g., pendulum task)
ability to search for counter-examples
scientific thinking
3. 3 Ifthen reasoning. Modus Ponens:
If there is a p then there is a q,
There is a p,
Therefore, there is a q.
Modus Tollens:
If there is a p then there is a q,
There is not a q,
Therefore, there is not a p.
Inhelder & Piaget (1955):
reasoning is nothing more than the propositional calculus itself
4. 4 Challenges to the Piagetian view. Over the last 20 years the Piagetian view has been challenged by two lines of questioning:
1. Do adults really show formal operational competence at ifthen reasoning?
2. Are young children really as bad at ifthen reasoning as predicted by Piaget?
The same factors that seem to help adults with ifthen reasoning also seem to help children.
5. 5 Ifthen reasoning with the Wason selection task If there is an A on one side of the card then there is a 3 on the other side of the card Indicate those cards that need to be turned over to determine whether the rule is true or false.