Medicine and Healing

1. Medicine and Healing The Fantastic Four Saul Nunez Kaitlin Hensch Fiona O’Connor Diego Cardenas

2. Allopathic Vs. HolisticMedicine Saul Nunez

3. Saul Nunez Allopathic Medicine • System of medicine that treats disease with the use of remedies which produce effects different from those produced by the disease under treatment. • Focuses on disease • 400 B.C.E. Figure 1. Drugs http://product-image.tradeindia.com

4. Saul Nunez History • The term “allopathy” was invented by German physician Samuel Hahnemann • Allos “opposite” and pathos “suffering” • 19th century Figure 2. Samuel Hahnemann www.general-anaesthesia.com/images/samuel-hahnemann

5. Saul Nunez How It’s Used • M.D.’s and surgens practice it • Drugs • Surgery • Today’s conventional method Figure 3. Surgery http://wichita.kumc.edu/surgery/images/index_surgery.jpg

6. Saul Nunez Holistic Medicine • Holistic medicine is a form of health care that focuses on the harmony of the physical, mental emotional, social and spiritual aspects of health. • Form of lifestyle to prevent disease • Healing force within the body

7. Saul Nunez Holistic Medicine • Originated in India and China 5,000 years ago • 1926- Holism introduced • Holistic medicine became more recognized in the1970s and is one of the accepted methods of alternative medicine. Figure 4. Holistic medicine http://www.espavo.biz/holistic_medicine.jpg

8. Saul Nunez How It’s Practiced • Acupuncture • Meditation • Yoga • Fasting and cleansing • Magnetic therapy • Herbal therapy • Music therapy • Chiropractic Figure 5. Yoga http://www.laragreene.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/yoga.jpg

9. Women in Medicine Fiona O’Connor

10. “Against the State, against the Church, against the silence of the medical profession, against the whole machinery of dead institutions of the past, the woman of today arises.” -Margaret Sanger- Birth control pioneer

11. Key Contributions Made by Women • Women across the globe have made significant contributions in various fields of medicine. • Others have worked to emphasize the roles of culture and spirituality in healing.

12. Dr. Marilyn Gaston • Dr. Gaston was the first African American woman to direct a Public Health Service Bureau. • Her 1986 study of sickle-cell disease led a nationwide screening process to test newborns for immediate treatment.

13. Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell • Known for being the first woman to graduate from a medical school (M.D.) and a pioneer in educating women in the fields of medicine. • Founded the New York Infirmary for Women and Children.

14. Dr. Rebecca J. Cole • Became the 2nd African American woman to earn an M.D. degree in the United States in 1867. • She worked at Blackwell’s NY Infirmary for Women and Children, where she was responsible for advising mothers living in poverty on how to best care for their families.

15. Dr. Patricia Bath • Ophthalogimist from New York patent a method for removing cataract lenses that transformed eye surgery by using a laser device for more accuracy. • Her passion for the treatment and prevention of blindess led her to develop the Cataract Laserphaco Probe.

16. Overcoming Obstacles • Women's participation in the medical professions was limited by law and practice during the decades while medicine was professionalizing. • However, women kept practicing medicine in the allied health fields (nursing, midwifery, etc.), and throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, women made significant gains in access to medical education and medical work through much of the world.

17. Hierarchies of Preference: Modern Medicine, the Pharmacological Industry and technology Diego Cardenas

18. A look into the past… • Women were the first healers • Any remedy, treatment, surgical procedure, or instrument invented before male takeover can be attributed to a woman or women. • Ancient goddesses of healing • Moche pots portray curer as woman • Mesopotamian clay tablet records herbal and other natural remedies • Scandinavian women’s graves contain surgical instruments

19. Takeover through Mythology • Old Husbands’ tales replace previous stories • Female deities are devalued • Principle role of procreation taken away from female deities

20. Takeover through Literature • Little has been written about women’s role in medicine before the middle ages • Records were usually written or compiled by men • Galen- Greatest medical writer after Hippocrates had a preference for medicine over surgery

21. Bronze Age Middle Ages • Male physicians became more prevalent • Shift from herbal remedies to magic spells and incantations • Medicine as a profession is forbidden to women • Spread of Christianity • Witch burning holocaust • Full Male Takeover • Passing over of medical knowledge

22. A Woman’s Role in Medicine Kaitlin Hensch

23. Women in Medicine Today • The American Medical Women's Association (AMWA) is an organization of women physicians, medical students and other persons dedicated to serving as the voice for women's health and the advancement of women in medicine. • The organization was founded by Dr. Bertha VanHoosen in 1915 in Chicago • As women in medicine increase in numbers, new problems and issues arise that were not anticipated.

24. Where does this job fall? Woman Man Nurse Pediatrician Gynecologist Obstetrician Mid-wife Surgeon Doctor Specialist Cardiologist Why do we automatically think one job is for a man and another is for a woman?

25. Some things to think about… • Why do we want our mom to take care of us when we’re sick but think about most doctor’s as being men? • Most primary caregivers are women. • While medicine was being professionalized women kept practicing medicine in the allied health fields (nursing, midwifery, etc.) • Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, women made significant gains in access to medical education and medical work through much of the world.

26. Takeover Theory Review: The decline in the power of women due to: • The introduction of Christianity • Discovery in male role in procreation • The domestication of animals

27. Events that caused Takeover • “Witches” were burned for practicing medicine • Midwifery and knowledge of birthing was passed on to males • Medicine became a profession (male dominated) • Laws were passed to now allow women into the entry of medical schools

28. Class Theory: Marxism • Labor= proletariat • anyone who earns their livelihood by selling their labor power • They have little choice but to work for capital, since they typically have no independent way to survive. • Capital = the bourgeoisie • anyone who gets their income not from labor • The income of the capitalists, therefore, is based on their exploitation of the proletariat

29. Quiz • 1. What are three different ways holistic medicine is practiced? • 2. Name two of the female inventors mentioned and how they contributed to medicine. • 3. Name two events that caused Takeover in the medical field. • 4. At what point in time did male physicians become more prevalent? Why?

30. Bibliography • http://naturalhealthperspective.com/tutorials/allopathy.html • http://www.holisticmed.com/whatis.html • http://medicineworld.org/alternative/holistichealth.html • http://www.voltairine.org/womenresisters.html • http://www.gallowglass.org/jadwiga/herbs/WomenMed.html • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/changingthefaceofmedicine/index.html