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Overview of Database Organization, Processing Types, and Models in Data Management

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of databases, focusing on how data is organized, defined key fields, and compares batch versus real-time processing. It outlines five common database models and distinguishes between various types of databases. The discussion includes the strategic uses of data, security concerns, and data integrity issues. Key concepts such as records, fields, and the need for effective database management systems (DBMS) are examined. The chapter also explores the roles and qualifications required for careers in database administration.

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Overview of Database Organization, Processing Types, and Models in Data Management

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  1. Chapter 11 Databases

  2. Overview • Describe How Data is Organized • Define Key Fields • Compare Batch and Real-time Processing • Define Five Common Database Models • Distinguish the Kinds Of Databases • Discuss Strategic Uses and Security Concerns

  3. Data Organization • Field • Combination of Related Characters • Characteristics • Name Uniquely Identifies Each Field • Data Type • Size • Record • Group of Related Fields • Key Field • AKA Primary Key • Uniquely Identifies Each Record

  4. Data Organization • Table • Collection of Related Records • Each Record Contains Same Fields • Each Field Contains Different Data • Database • Group of Related Tables

  5. Batch and Real-time Processing • Batch Processing • Data Collected Over Several Hours, Days, or Weeks • Processed All at Once as a “Batch” • Real-time Processing • AKA Online Processing • Data Processed at Same Time Transaction Occurs

  6. Databases • Need • Sharing • Information Readily Shared Between Departments • Security • Users Access Only the Kind of Information They Need • Less Data Redundancy • Redundancy Causes • Inefficient Use of Storage Space • Data Maintenance Problems • Data Integrity • Multiple Sources of Data Lead to Variations

  7. Databases • Validation • Comparing Data with Set of Rules • Reduce Data Entry Errors • Enhance Data Integrity • Types • Alpha / Numeric • Range • Completeness • Consistency

  8. Database Management • Database Management System (DBMS) • Subsystems • DBMS Engine • Bridges Logical View and Physical Views of Data • Data Definition • Data Dictionary

  9. Database Management • Database Management System (DBMS) • Subsystems • Data Manipulation • Query-by-example, SQL • Application Generation • Data Entry Forms • Data Administration • Maintaining Security • Processing Rights

  10. DBMS Structure • Models • Hierarchical • One-to-many Relationship • Rigid Structure • Network • Many-to-many Relationship • Flexible and Efficient

  11. DBMS Structure • Models • Relational • No Hierarchical Access Paths • Data Elements Stored in Different Tables • Consist of Rows (Records) & Columns (Fields) • Each Row Has Primary Key • Related Tables Must Have Common Field

  12. DBMS Structure • Models • Multidimensional • Data Viewed as a Cube Having Three or More Sides • Represent Complex Relationships Between Data • Click Stream • Object-oriented • Stores Data in Objects • Can Contain Both Data and Actions

  13. Types of Databases • Individual • Primarily Used by Just One Person • Company • Stored on a Central Database Network Server • Distributed • Not All Data Physically Located in One Place • Accessible Through a Variety of Networks • Commercial • Large Database that Covers a Specific Subject • Access Offered to the Public for a Fee

  14. Database Uses and Issues • Strategic Uses • Data Warehouse • Data Mining • Business Directories • Demographics • Business Statistical • Text • Web

  15. Careers in IT • Database Administrator • Determine Ways to Organize and Access Data • Maintain Database Security • Back Up System • Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science • Technical Experience • Annual Salary of $67,000 - $98,000

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