USING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AS PUNISHMENT

1. USING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AS PUNISHMENT The pro side presented by Lloyd Gage The con side presented by Joanna Street We both present this argument to the HHPR Graduate class and faculty

2. Using Physical Activity as Punishment Why its not such a bad idea after all

3. Is there really a problem? Some things to ask yourself before using physical activity as punishment • Is the student really doing something wrong? Is there a real problem, or are you just tired and out of patients? • If there is no real problem, release your stress away from the student. • If there is a problem, go to the next question. • Think for a moment. Is your student actually capable of doing what you expect? • If you are not being realistic, re-evaluate your expectations. • If your expectation are fair, go to the next question. • Did your student know at the time that he/she was doing something wrong? • If your student did not realize he/she was doing something wrong, help him/her understand what you expect, why, and how they can do that. Offer to help. • If your student knew what she was doing was wrong, and they did it intentionally, then your student misbehaved. And this has to be fixed.

4. Responding to misbehavior • Natural consequences • Allowing children to experience the consequences of their behavior is also called learning the hard way. • Logical consequences • These are structured consequences that follow specific misbehaviors. The child should see how the behavior and the consequences are directly related. • Fix-up • If children damage something, they need to help in fixing it or cleaning it up. If they cause some distress, they should help in relieving that.

5. Responding to misbehavior cont... • Time out • During time out, students are required to spend time alone in a specific place that has few, if any rewarding characteristics. • Redirection • This strategy can work when you notice that student is not following the rules and is being cooperative. Quickly, and quietly get the student’s attention and introduce another activity.

6. Reasons for misbehavior • Don’t want to participate • Aren’t interested in the activity • Lazy • Problem Child – constantly misbehaves, always in trouble • Testing the rules of the class and teacher • Don’t understand the rules • Copy the actions of their parents

7. Keep the kids moving • Don’t allow for inactivity to be an option • Keep them from avoiding activity by allowing them to sit out or not dressing down

8. Problem Solver • Make an Example • Students will learn, and understand what will happen if they misbehave • Remove the distraction, don’t allow one person to bring the entire class down • Very Effective short term and long term

9. You’re not the only one • Currently 35 states don’t discourage nor prohibit the use of physical activity as a form of punishment - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion • Works in the Military • Works in Athletics • Why not PE?

10. It’s the FEAR FACTOR • You’re only going to have to make an example of your students one time • The other students will recognize and remember • Fear is a powerful tool • Toughen your students up

11. PSYCHOLOGY 101 • It's sort of right out of psych 101...if we want to encourage a behavior we need to provide positive feedback to reward it, and if we want to stop a behavior we need to provide negative feedback to discourage it.

12. How to make it work • Set clear, consistent rules • Make certain the environments is safe and worry-free. • Show interest in the child’s activities. • Encourage self-control by providing meaningful choices. • Focus on the desired behavior, rather than the one to be avoided

13. And if that doesn’t work… • Make an example out of somebody • Get control of your classroom/gym back • Take charge • Assign a form of physical activity as a punishment to the off-task student (s) • Running laps, lines, in place • Push-ups • Curl-ups • Jumping Jacks

14. Time Outs are alright, but check this out! • When I was a kid my coach would punish us by making us run laps. He would make us carry a billiard 8-ball while running. He wanted us to realize that the eight-ball was the odd ball out in the game of pool just like I was as I ran those laps. I say to those psychologists, "I remembered". In fact every time I see a pool table I remember.

15. Using Physical Activity as Punishment Why it’s not a good idea

16. Corporal Punishment A punishment for some violation of conduct which involves the infliction of pain on, or harm to the body

17. Using physical activity as punishment also borderlines corporal punishment 1.The 1988 Program Advisory on Corporal Punishment included the following actions as examples of a prohibited activity (considered corporal punishment):

18. Making unruly students do push-ups, run laps, or perform other physical acts that cause pain or discomfort. -The 1988 Program Advisory on Corporal Punishment

19. Corporal Punishment is legal in 23 states…is it legal in yours? -National Coalition to Abolish Corporal Punishment in Schools

20. Lets Move On… The Center for Disease Control has 10 Recommendations for ensuring quality physical activity programs… • Under the 2nd recommendation is the need to provide physical and social environments that encourage and enable young people to engage in safe and enjoyable physical activity …

21. And this means… • Discourage the use or withholding of physical activity as punishment

22. Using your head…Appropriate instruction • Full inclusion of all students • Maximum practice opportunities for class activities • Well-designed lessons that facilitate student learning • Out of school assignments that support learning and practice • No physical activity for punishment • Uses regular assessment to monitor and reinforce student learning -National Association for Sport and Physical Education

23. Psychology 102 Teachers, parents and youth coaches should avoid the use of exercise as punishment for bad behavior. This implies that exercise is not fun, just the opposite of what should be promoted. -American Academy of Pediatrics

24. Even this major corporation has an opinion

25. The Hershey Foods Corporation has Provided several recommendations for promoting physical activity in young people in school, community, and home settings with one of which being….

26. Discourage the practice of withholding physical activity (recess, free play) as punishment or using physical activity (laps, pushups) as a punishment. -Hershey Foods Corporation

27. Not to “beat a dead horse”, but… The National Association of State Boards of Education lists Sample Policies to Encourage Physical Activity, under the physical education policy:

28. “Teachers shall aim to develop students‘ self-confidence and maintain a safe psychological environment free of embarrassment, humiliation, shaming, taunting, or harassment of any kind. Physical education staff shall not order performance of physical activity as a form of discipline or punishment.” -National Association of State Boards of Education

29. Instead of using exercise as punishment… Use a positive discipline approach: • Plan lessons for student success as this helps create a positive learning environment where discipline issues do not surface as frequently • Make sure students understand that you care about them as people, and that your job is to help them learn things that will help them in "real life". -Concerned Adults for for Physical Education Reform

30. "Teachers do not punish children with reading and then expect them to develop a joy for reading." - California Association of Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance

31. Joanna’s References American Academy of Pediatrics http://www.aap.org/family/physicalactivity/physicalactivity.htm California Association of Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance http://www.cahperd.org/ Center for Disease Control http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dash/physicalactivity/guidelines/summary.htm Concerned Adults and Students for Physical Education Reform http://www.csuchico.edu/casper/insteadofthis.html

32. National Association for Sport and Physical Education http://www.aahperd.org/naspe/template.cfm?template=qualityPePrograms.html National Association of State Boards of Education http://www.nasbe.org/HealthySchools/physical_activity.html National Coalition to Abolish Corporal Punishment in Schools http://www.stophitting.com/disatschool/ The 1988 Program Advisory on Corporal Punishment http://www.pesoftware.com/Resources/exercise.html Topics in Nutrition. Hershey Foods Corporation. http://www.hersheys.com/nutrition/interventions.html

33. Lloyd’s Resources • Human Environmental Sciences Publication GH6119 — Reviewed February 1, 2001 http://muextension.missouri.edu/explore/hesguide/humanrel/gh6119.htm • The Coaching Store – http://www.thecoachingstore.com • Discipline - http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/aureview/1981/may-jun/mcbride.htm • National Center for Chronic Disease prevention and Health promotion - http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/