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Cell Cycle and Mitosis-1

This explains the stages in cell cycle which includes the interphase and mitotic phase. Interphase in the cell preparatory stage to cell division which includes growth 1, synthesis and growth 2 stage

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Cell Cycle and Mitosis-1

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  1. OverviewofLesson3:CellCycleand Mitosis • DefinitionofTerms • ImportanceofCellCycle • CellCyclePhases • CellCycleCheckpoints • WhatisMitosis • PhasesofMitosis • ProductsofMitosis Preparedby: Ma’amEJRamos BaliuagUniversity (SHSDept.)

  2. DefinitionofTerms • CellCycle-thesequenceofeventofgrowthand divisionofthecell. • Chromosomes-achromosomeisanorganizedpackage • ofDNAfoundinthenucleusofthecell. • Chromatin-consistsoftheunraveledcondensed structureofDNAforthepurposeofpackagingintothe nucleus • Chromatid-Achromatidisonehalfofareplicated chromosome • Centromere-ThecentromereisthespecializedDNA sequenceofachromosomethatlinksapairofsister chromatids(adyad). eparedby: Pr Ma’ amEJRamos BaliuagUniversity (SHSDept.)

  3. DefinitionofTerms • CellCycleCheckpoint-playsanimportantrolein thecontrolsystembysensingdefectsthatoccurduring essentialprocesses. • Chromosomes-achromosomeisanorganizedpackage ofDNAfoundinthenucleusofthecell. • Chromatin-consistsoftheunraveledcondensed structureofDNAforthepurposeofpackagingintothe nucleus • Chromatid-Achromatidisonehalfofareplicated chromosome • Centromere-ThecentromereisthespecializedDNA • sequenceofachromosomethatlinksapairofsister chromatids • (a dyad) eparedby: Pr Ma’ amEJRamos BaliuagUniversity (SHSDept.)

  4. divide TheCellCycle replenish grow Doyouever wonder.. Whydoweincreaseinsize? Howcellsarebeingreplenished? Howdocancercellsform? replicate Cellcycleisthesequenceofgrowth anddivisionofthecell. Itisconsistsof3checkpoints G1 checkpoint S-G2checkpoint Mcheckpoint Ithastwo stages: 1. Interphase-95% (growthandreplicationofDNA Preparedby: 2. MitoticPhase-5% Ma’amEJRamos BaliuagUniversity (SHSDept.) (divisionofcellinto2daughtercells)

  5. Whywouldacelldivide? Preparedby: Ma’amEJRamos BaliuagUniversity (SHSDept.) 1.Toabsorbmorenutrients. 2.RepairandReplacement 3.CancerCells Howlongitwilltaketocelldivide? Celldivisionislimitedregardless ofitstype. -Oncereachedthelimitit willdie (programmedcelldeath) Mammaliancells=12-24 hours Somebacterialcells=20-30 minutes

  6. CellCycle P.M.A.TinMitosis Preparedby: Ma’amEJRamos BaliuagUniversity (SHSDept.)

  7. Interphase 1.G1(Gap1/Growth1) • Cellincreasesinsize • Synthesizesproteinsand organelles S2.SPhase(Synthesis Phase ) • DNAisreplicated • Chromosomesarereplicatedtoo 3.G2(Gap2/Growth2) Preparedby: • Additional.. • Proteins,organellesandmicrotubules Ma’amEJRamos BaliuagUniversity (SHSDept.)

  8. CellCycleCheckpoint G1-SCheckpoint • Size • Nutrients Yes? No? ProceedtoSphase ProceedtoG0(zero)phase Preparedby: Ma’amEJRamos BaliuagUniversity Temporary Permanent (SHSDept.)

  9. DefinitionofTerms • CellCycleCheckpoint-playanimportantrolein thecontrolsystembysensingdefectsthatoccurduring essentialprocesses. • Chromosomes-achromosomeisanorganizedpackage ofDNAfoundinthenucleusofthecell. • Chromatin-consistsoftheunraveledcondensed structureofDNAforthepurposeofpackagingintothe nucleus • Chromatid-Achromatidisonehalfofareplicated chromosome • Centromere-ThecentromereisthespecializedDNA sequenceofachromosomethatlinksapairofsister chromatids(adyad). Preparedby: Ma’amEJRamos BaliuagUniversity (SHSDept.)

  10. CellCycleCheckpoint S-G2Checkpoint • ProperDNA replication Yes? No? ProceedtoG2phase Commit“Apoptosis” Preparedby: Ma’amEJRamos BaliuagUniversity (SHSDept.) Unsuccessful Successful

  11. CellCycleCheckpoint MCheckpoint • Properalignmentof sisterchromatids Yes? No? ProceedtoMitosis PauseCellCycle Waittillsisterchromatid aligns correctly Preparedby: Ma’amEJRamos BaliuagUniversity (SHSDept.) .

  12. Chromosomes: Closer Look Chromosome Sister chromatid Chromatid Preparedby: Ma’amEJRamos BaliuagUniversity (SHSDept.) Chromatin

  13. DefinitionofTerms • CellCycleCheckpoint-playanimportantrolein thecontrolsystembysensingdefectsthatoccurduring essentialprocesses. • Chromosomes-achromosomeisanorganizedpackage ofDNAfoundinthenucleusofthecell. • Chromatin-consistsoftheunraveledcondensed structureofDNAforthepurposeofpackagingintothe nucleus • Chromatid-Achromatidisonehalfofareplicated chromosome • Centromere-ThecentromereisthespecializedDNA sequenceofachromosomethatlinksapairofsister chromatids(adyad). eparedby: Pr Ma’ amEJRamos BaliuagUniversity (SHSDept.)

  14. Mitosis Isaperiodofcontinuous activity whichisnecessary forthesurvivalof alleukaryoticorganisms. Itisalsoameansofasexualreproductioninsomeorganismse.g, protozoansandalgae. Preparedby: Ma’amEJRamos BaliuagUniversity (SHSDept.)

  15. Mitosis: P.M.A.T. Migratetooppositesides Centrioles EarlyMitotic SpindleFiber Startstoforminitiallyfrom (Centrosome) Nuclear Envelope Slowlydisintegrates Regionwherechromatidsare connectedtogether Centromere Chromosome/pair ofchromatids Stillcontainedbydisappearingnuclear envelope Preparedby: Ma’amEJRamos BaliuagUniversity (SHSDept.) http://www.biostudio.com/demo_freeman_dna_coiling.htm CopyrightPearsonPrenticeHall

  16. Mitosis: P.M.A.T. What’smissing? Nuclearenvelope dissappeared What’snew? Spindlefiberisfully formed Prophase Whathappenedtothe chromosomes? Equatorial Plate Properlyalignedatthe center Eachchromosome was attached throughcentromere Preparedby: Ma’amEJRamos BaliuagUniversity (SHSDept.) http://www.biostudio.com/demo_freeman_dna_coiling.htm CopyrightPearsonPrenticeHall

  17. Mitosis: P.M.A.T. What’smissing? Therearenolongersister chromatids present What’snew? Independent Chromosome Metaphase What organelleswerepulled apart? Sisterchromatids Spindlefibers Preparedby: Ma’amEJRamos BaliuagUniversity (SHSDept.) Centromeres http://www.biostudio.com/demo_freeman_dna_coiling.htm CopyrightPearsonPrenticeHall

  18. Mitosis: P.M.A.T. What’smissing? Spindlefibercontract What’snew? Twonucleiformed Anaphase Nuclearenvelopereappears Cleavagefurrowformed Whathappenedtothe organelles? Theorganellesmovedateach Preparedby: oppositesidesof nuclei. http://www.biostudio.com/demo_freeman_dna_coiling.htm Ma’amEJRamos BaliuagUniversity (SHSDept.) CopyrightPearsonPrenticeHall

  19. Cytokinesis CellPlate Cleavage Furrow Preparedby: Ma’amEJRamos BaliuagUniversity (SHSDept.)

  20. WhatMitosisactuallylookslike Prophase Interphase Metaphase Telophase Anaphase Preparedby: http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/multimedia/mitosis/mitosis_gif2.html Ma’amEJRamos BaliuagUniversity (SHSDept.) http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/bio1int.htm

  21. CellCycleandMitosis Summary 2Daughter Cells Whyisthisso important? DiploidCell ParentCell https://www.google.com/search?q=mitosis&tbm=isch&chips=q:mitosis,g_1:diagram:VFNERfZJ2Qs%3D&hl=en- US&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi0-oDTkefrAhXwx4sBHa2vAqUQ4lYoAXoECAEQFg&biw=1423&bih=789#imgrc=QT_pY250sNl38M

  22. PhotosandIllustrationswasnotmine Nocopyrightinfringementintended. Creditstorealowners. Thankyou-Ma’amE.J

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