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Case-Control Studies: Insights and Methodological Approaches in Research

This overview delves into case-control studies, highlighting their key features, advantages, and disadvantages in medical research. Emphasizing retrospective data collection, the text discusses how these studies compare individuals with diseases (cases) to those without (controls) to establish potential causal relationships. The importance of methodological rigor, including the similarity of cases and controls and the objectivity of data collection, is clarified. Additionally, the report addresses statistical aspects and risk reporting, providing a comprehensive understanding of this essential study design.

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Case-Control Studies: Insights and Methodological Approaches in Research

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Understanding real research 2. Case control studies.

  2. What can studies do? Describe the situation: Descriptive. Explain the situation: Analytical. Compare approaches: Experimental.

  3. Study designs. • Descriptive • Cross-sectional, longitudinal. • Analytic • Case-control studies. • Cohort studies. • Quasi-experimental • Natural experiments, policy interventions. • Experimental • Randomised controlled trial.

  4. Study designs

  5. Past Present Future Cross-sectional Case-control Cohort From Altman. Practical Statistics for Medical Research, 1991.

  6. Case control studies: Key features. Retrospective, i.e. backward looking. Relate an effect or outcome to a probable cause. Individuals with disease (cases) compared to individuals without disease (controls).

  7. Case control study. From: http://library.downstate.edu/EBM2/2500.htm

  8. Advantages & disadvantages

  9. Appraising case control studies Methodological approach: Are cases and controls similar, except for exposure to the putative cause? Is collection of retrospective data objective? Is there evidence of “causation”? Statistical reporting: Type of data – influences statistical analysis. Reporting of risk.

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