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AP World History

The Maritime Revolution marked a transformative era in global history, characterized by extensive sea exploration and the establishment of trade routes. From the colonization of Madagascar by Malayo-Indonesians to Ming China's treasure ships, and the adventurous voyages of Vikings, this period witnessed the rise of Iberian exploration fueled by the quest for gold, glory, and adventure. Key figures like Prince Henry the Navigator advanced maritime technology, while Spanish conquests in the Americas reshaped global dynamics. This revolution laid the foundation for modern global trade and interaction.

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AP World History

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  1. AP World History Maritime Revolution

  2. Maritime Revolution • Malayo-Indonesians colonized Madagascar. • Arabs established trades routes & markets • Ming Chinese treasure ships for diplomats.

  3. Maritime Revolution • Vikings in Iceland, Greenland & Vinland • Few Europeans returned from Atlantic in 11th & 12th centuries. • Arawak and Carib settled in Greater & Lesser Antilles.

  4. Maritime Revolution • Iberian kingdoms sponsored exploration: • Adventure, • revival of trade, and • control Mediterranean

  5. Maritime Revolution • Italian city-states: allied & traded with Muslims gained access to Asian goods. Had advanced shipbuilding & cannon technology, & remained open to new geography.

  6. Maritime Revolution • Prince Henry the Navigator, researcher • Improved the compass & astrolabe & designed new shipping vessels.

  7. Maritime Revolution • Portuguese learned about the westerlies & proceeded to explore the African coast. • God, glory, and gold.

  8. Maritime Revolution • Fernao Gomes sent explorers to Gold Coast • Bartolomeu Dias & Vasco da Gama rounded tip of Africa & contacted India.

  9. Maritime Revolution • 1492 Columbus claims discovery for Spain leading to the Treaty of Tordesillas

  10. Maritime Revolution • Magellan sails around globe & establishes Spain’s claim to Philippines.

  11. Maritime Revolution • West Africa welcomed Portuguese for trade. • Benin and Kongo prospered, but only in the beginning.

  12. Maritime Revolution • East African response to the Portuguese was varied based on the needs on both sides.

  13. Maritime Revolution • Portuguese gained control of major ports using superior ships & firepower. • Control of ports led to dominating spice trade

  14. Maritime Revolution • Portuguese never completely controlled Indian Ocean trade, but still became very wealthy.

  15. Maritime Revolution • Arawak – Hispaniola • Spanish followed same recipe for control in Antilles & throughout the Caribbean.

  16. Maritime Revolution • Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs. • Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incans.

  17. Maritime Revolution • Spain’s conquest due to 1. disease 2. Military technology 3. Same pattern of conquest formerly used.

  18. Maritime Revolution • Eastern Hemisphere experienced different pattern of dominance • Profit without conquest of territory.

  19. Conclusions • Opening new trade routes marks the beginning of the “modern period.”

  20. Conclusions • Opening new trade routes laid basis for long-term expansion & growing global interaction.

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