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Chapter 14 Section 1

Chapter 14 Section 1. The Crusades. JERUSALEM. Present day capital of Israel. WHY IS IT HOLY FOR ALL THREE MONOTHEISTIC FAITHS?. CHRISTIANS FAITH. CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHER Believed to be the place where Jesus was crucified and buried. MUSLIMS FAITH. Dome of the Rock

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Chapter 14 Section 1

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  1. Chapter 14 Section 1 The Crusades

  2. JERUSALEM Present day capital of Israel

  3. WHY IS IT HOLY FOR ALL THREE MONOTHEISTIC FAITHS?

  4. CHRISTIANS FAITH • CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHER • Believed to be the place where Jesus was crucified and buried

  5. MUSLIMS FAITH • Dome of the Rock • Believed to be the place where Muhammad died and ascended into heaven

  6. JEWISH FAITH • King Solomon’s Temple • 10 Century BCE • Wall all that remains

  7. Causes of the Crusades • Seljuq Turks gained control of the Palestine-“Holy Land” • Pope Urban II calls on church leaders and feudal lords to unite • Wear the “cross of Christ” into battle

  8. Why did they join? • 10,000 European Crusaders- “marked with the cross” • Save their souls (go to heaven if they died on crusade) • Some knights hoped to gain land and wealth • Merchants went to make money

  9. The First Crusade (1096-1099) • French and Italian forces travel through the Byzantine Empire to Palestine • Difficult trip due to: • Wool and leather clothing, • lack of food and water • Surround the city of Jerusalem; capture and massacre the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants

  10. “The population was put to the sword by the Franks, who pillaged for a week….the Franks slaughtered more than 70,000 people, among them a large number of Imams and Muslim scholars who had left their homelands to live in the pious seclusion of the Holy Place.” • Ibn al-Athir- Arab Historian

  11. The First Crusade: Results • Much of the Holy Land under European control • Feudal system is introduced in the area • Trade increases between Europe and the Holy Land • Christians and Muslims begin to respect each other • Many Europeans adopt Eastern customs, clothing, and food

  12. The Second Crusade • 1146 the Turkish Muslims reunited their forces • King Louis VII (France) and the German king, Conrad III, led separate armies across Europe • Combined, they attempted but failed to capture the city of Damascus • Return to Europe in 1149

  13. The Third Crusade • Muslim leader Saladin gained control of Jerusalem • Armies were led by: • Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa • King Philip II of France • King Richard I of England • Richard gains a truce; allows for Christian control of some towns along the Palestinian coast and to enter Jerusalem freely

  14. Fourth Crusade • Pope Innocent III gathers French Knights • Venetians provide the ships for travel • Encourage crusaders to attack Zadar and Constantinople • Both cities are Christian • Venetians gain control of Zadar and the Byzantine trade

  15. Children’s Crusade • Young people are organized to march and take over the “Holy Land” for Christianity • Lack of training, equipment, and supplies • Becomes a hungry, disorganized mob • Some were sent home by the Pope, some were tricked into slavery

  16. Weapons and Warfare • Crossbow • Catapults • Digging under walls • Gunpowder was also introduced to Europeans by the Muslims

  17. Political Changes • Many nobles either died or lost their land to pay for the crusade • European kings grew stronger without the lords • Kings levied new taxes and led armies from entire countries • Popes and the Christian church gained power as organizers of the crusades

  18. Ideas and Trade • Gained knowledge from the Byzantines and Muslims • Began to buy southwest Asian good such as apricots, lemons, melons, rice, and sugar

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