1. Chapter 14 Section 1 Categories of Biological Classification Grade 10 Biology Spring 2011

2. Taxonomy • Aristotle: grouped plants and animals according to their structural similarities • More than 2000 years ago • Greeks and Romans: grouped plants and animals into basic categories such as oaks, dogs, horses • Each unit of classification came to be called a genus (Latin word for group)

3. Taxonomy • Taxonomy: the science of naming and classifying organisms • Until mid 1700’s biologist named organisms by adding descriptive phases (in Latin!) • Honey bee had a 12-part scientific name

4. A Simpler System • Carl Linnaeus: ambition was to catalog all known kinds of organisms, started a two-word Latin name for each species • Binomial Nomenclature: two-word system for naming organisms

5. Scientific Names • Scientific Name: the unique two-part name for a species • First word is genus, second is species • Genus: taxonomic category containing similar species • Organisms in a genus share important characteristics

6. Scientific Names • First letter of a genus name is always CAPATALIZED and the second first letter of the second word is always lowercase • Scientific names are italicized or underlined • After first use of full scientific name, genus can be abbreviated with single letter

7. Scientific Names

8. Classifying Organisms • Domain: contains kingdoms • Kingdom: contains phyla • Phylum: contains classes • Classes: contains orders • Order: contain families • Family: contains genera • Genus: contain species • Species

9. Classifying Organisms

10. Classifying the Honeybee • Domain: Eukarya • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Arthropoda • Class: Insecta • Order: Hymenoptera • Family: Apidae • Genus: Apis • Species: Apis mellifera