UNIT 4 Arteries and Veins of the Body

1. UNIT 4 Arteries and Veins of the Body Systemic Veins of the Body (7th edition)

2. Systemic Veins - The Venae Cavae and Major Veins of the Systemic Circulation (fig. 19.25) The superior vena cava - large vein that receives blood from the upper body, including the head, neck, thorax, and upper limbs The inferior vena cava - large vein that receives blood from the lower body, including the lower limbs, pelvis, and abdomen Venous blood from the 2 venae cavae enters the heart in the right atrium (7th edition)

3. Systemic Veins - Veins of the Head and Neck (fig. 19.26) Veins that drain the cranium: the veins of the brain empty into a network of dural sinuses the sigmoid sinus is a convergence of other sinuses the sigmoid sinus penetrates the jugular foramen and leaves the skull as the internal jugular vein; the internal jugular veins descend parallel to the common carotid arteries in the neck the vertebral veins descend through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae; the vertebral veins drain the cervical spinal cord and posterior surface of the skull Superficial veins of the head and neck: the temporal and maxillary veins merge to form the external jugular vein; the external jugular veins empty into the brachiocephalic veins the facial vein drains into the internal jugular vein; the internal jugular veins empty into the brachiocephalic veins Note: The jugular veins merge with the subclavian vein right near the point that the brachiocephalic vein begins. Some textbooks say that the jugular veins empty into the subclavian veins. Hence on an exam, either subclavian vein or brachiocephalic vein would be the correct answer to the question, “what vein does the internal jugular vein empty into?” (7th edition)

4. Systemic Veins - Veins of the Upper Limb and Thorax (fig. 19.27) Veins of the Upper Extremity digital veins in the fingers drain into superficial and deep palmar veins of the hands the superficial and deep palmar veins are interconnected to form the palmar venous arches the dorsal venous arch empties into the cephalic vein, median antebrachial vein, and the basilic vein; the median antebrachial vein joins the basilic vein at the elbow the deep and superficial palmar venous arches drain into the radial vein and the ulnar vein which merge to become the brachial vein the brachial vein becomes the axillary vein the cephalic vein joins the axillary vein to form the subclavian vein (7th edition)

5. Systemic Veins - Veins of the Upper Limb and Thorax (fig. 19.27) Veins of the Thoracic Cavity the subclavian vein is formed by the axillary vein and the cephalic vein from the upper limb the subclavian veins merge with external and internal jugular veins on each side to form the brachiocephalic veins the right and left brachiocephalic veins merge to form the superior vena cava the azygos vein empties into the superior vena cava the hemiazygos vein empties into the left brachiocephalic vein the azygous and hemiazygos veins collect blood from the intercostal veins and other veins the intercostal veins receive blood from chest muscles (7th edition)

6. Systemic Veins - Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis (fig. 19.28) external iliac veins receive blood from the lower limbs The external iliac veins are joined by the internal iliac veins which forms the right and left common iliac veins The common iliac veins fuse to form the inferior vena cava The abdominal portion of the inferior vena cava collects blood from 6 major pairs of veins: lumbar veins - collect blood from the lumbar portion of the abdominal wall, including spinal cord and muscles gonadal veins (ovarian and testicular) - drain ovaries or testes hepatic veins - from the liver empty into the inferior vena cava renal veins - drain blood from the kidneys suprarenal veins - drain the adrenal glands phrenic veins - drain blood from the diaphragm (7th edition)

7. Systemic Veins - Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis (fig. 19.28) Hepatic Portal System blood leaving the digestive organs by veins is rich in nutrients; instead of returning directly to the heart, it first goes to the liver nutrient rich blood is delivered to the liver first so that the liver can store, convert, or excrete these materials the hepatic portal vein is the vein that enters the liver with nutrient rich blood; the main tributaries of the hepatic portal vein are: inferior mesenteric vein - collects blood from the distal large intestine, sigmoid colon, and rectum splenic vein - collects blood from the spleen, pancreas, and stomach superior mesenteric vein - collects blood from the small intestine and large intestine gastric veins - collect blood from the stomach cystic vein - collects blood from the gallbladder (7th edition)

8. Systemic Veins - Veins of the Lower Limbs (fig. 19.29) digital veins of the toes drain into plantar and dorsal venous arches The dorsal venous arch is drained by the great saphenous vein and small saphenous veins The plantar venous arch is drained by the anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and peroneal veins; these three veins merge at the knee to form the popliteal vein At the femur the popliteal vein becomes the femoral vein The femoral vein receives blood from the deep femoral vein and then penetrates the abdominal wall and becomes the external iliac vein (7th edition)

9. This concludes the current lecture topic (close the current window to exit the PowerPoint and return to the Unit 4 Startpage) (7th edition)