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LS2.4– Species, Communities and ecosystems, Webs, Chains & Pyramids

LS2.4– Species, Communities and ecosystems, Webs, Chains & Pyramids. I. Levels of organization. Habitat - the environment in which a species normally lives or the location of a living organism. Abiotic factors – NON-living components Biotic factors - LIVING components.

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LS2.4– Species, Communities and ecosystems, Webs, Chains & Pyramids

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  1. LS2.4– Species, Communities and ecosystems, Webs, Chains & Pyramids

  2. I. Levels of organization • Habitat - the environment in which a species normally lives or the location of a living organism. • Abiotic factors – NON-living components • Biotic factors - LIVING components

  3. Bell Work (for a grade) You will need your textbook today. What is biomass? Pg. 122 Draw a food chain?

  4. B) Species A Group of organisms which could potentially interbreed to produce fertile offspring. http://www.hornsby.nsw.gov.au/environment/animals/fauna-survey-program

  5. Definition of ‘species’ is ambiguous and problematic: Ex: The wolf (Canis lupus) & coyote (Canis latrans) are different species but can interbreed to produce fertile offspring…how does this fit with the definition??? Canislatrans Canis lupus Canis lupus x latrans http://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/wolf http://kids.nationalgeographic.com http://kids.nationalgeographic.com

  6. C) Population • A group of organisms of the same species who live in the same area at the same time.

  7. D) Community A group of populations living and interacting with each other in an area.

  8. E) Ecosystem • A community and its abiotic environment. https://www.warc.com/Blogs/Ecosystem_Marketing_%E2%80%93_3_Ways_to_Thrive_in_your_Natural_Environment.blog?ID=1696

  9. F) Biosphere All abiotic and biotic components of the earth. (Includes its atmosphere, Ecosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere ) https://mrgeogwagg.wordpress.com/2014/09/07/lesson-3-products-of-the-biosphere/

  10. G) Ecology The study of relationships between living organisms and between organisms and their environment. https://www.google.com/search?q=ecologist+in+arctic&safe=strict&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjr9srk3ePMAhXDNiYKHY5qDjkQ_AUIBygB&biw=1024&bih=667

  11. II. Obtaining Nutrition • Autotroph - Organism that synthesizes its organic molecules (“food”) from simple inorganic substances. (May also be referred to as ‘Producers’ or ‘Primary producers’) 1. Photoautotroph – Uses sun/light energy to synthesis Carbon compounds (Plants & Photosynthetic algae, phytoplankton)

  12. Phytoplankton (“Diatoms”) PHOTOAUTOTROPHS Photosynthetic Algae http://sailorsforthesea.org/programs/ocean-watch/searching-phytoplankton Plants Photosynthetic Bacteria

  13. 2. Chemoautotroph – Uses thermal or chemical energy to synthesize Carbon compounds

  14. CHEMOAUTOTROPHS http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Paleobiology/Paleobiologysegues/chemotrophs/chemotrophs.htm

  15. B) Heterotroph • organism that obtains organic molecules from other organisms. (‘Consumers’)

  16. C) Saprotroph An organism that lives on or in non-living organic matter, secreting digestive enzymes into it and absorbing the products of digestion (external digestion).

  17. D) Detritivores – ingest dead organic matter (internal digestion) (“Decomposers) Dung beetle “Rolypoly, Woodlice, Sowbug” Bacteria Earthworm

  18. III. Nutrients • Inorganic nutrients originate from abiotic environment (CO2, N2, P, O2, Ca, S, etc) • Some converted to organic compounds (Ex: CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2 INORGANIC ORGANIC

  19. C) Nutrients recycled D) Allows for ecosystem sustainability if 1. Balanced. Depends on: 2. Availability of nutrients, light 3. Wastes broken down

  20. Nutrients vs. Energy

  21. Energy Transfer:Chains, Webs and Pyramids

  22. IV. Energy Flow in an ecosystem A) Food chains – show 1 possible flow of energy

  23. B) Food webs-Show ALL possible feeding relatioships

  24. V. Energy is Transferred from 1 trophic level to another A) Autotrophs : light energy to chemical thru photosynthesis 1. Gross primary production (GPP) is TOTAL amt of Glucose / Photosynth 2. 90% of energy used as WORK and HEAT (released) 3. 10% remaining is Net primary production (NPP)

  25. B) Heterotrophs 1. Primary consumers – (Herbivores) Eat primary producers and convert glucose to: a) HEAT& work (~90%: released to environment) b) Only ~10% is stored & passed on 2. Secondary Consumers (carnivores &/or omnivores) a) 90%/10% rule applies 3. Same applies for Tertiary & Quaternary consumers

  26. C) As energy moves up trophic levels the amt available is reduced by ~90%!!!!!!!!!!! 1. Explains why few orgs at higher trophic levels 2. “ “ Food chains are limited D) What is left goes to detritivores then decomposers

  27. VI. Energy Pyramids – show transfer of Energy to higher trophic levels

  28. NATURE HIKE • List 5 Biotic factors seen • List 5 abiotic factors seen • List at least 5 species present in the community • Describe the ecosystem • Write 3 questions about things you observe during the hike • Model the flow of energy through the ecosystem (Create food web that describes many feeding relationship as possible)

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