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Coffee, Gentian, and Milkweed Families: Plant Characteristics and Examples

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  1. 48) Convolvulaceae (incl. 49) Cuscutaceae) Apocynaceae (incl. 52) Asclepiadaceae) Lamiales Clade 47) Solanaceae 50) Rubiaceae 51) Gentianaceae Asterids I

  2. 50) Rubiaceae • Coffee or Madder Family • Herbs, shrubs and trees • Leaves opposite or whorled, usually entire; stipules present, interpetiolar, and connate, occasionally leaf-like • Flowers 4- or 5-merous ; corolla plate- or funnel-shaped, adaxial surface often with hairs • Stamens as many as corolla lobes and alternate with them, adnate to the corolla • Flowers often heterostylous • Ovary inferior

  3. ExamplesRubiaceae • Coffea arabica and C. robusta (coffee) • Galium spp. (bedstraw) • Houstonia (bluet)

  4. Interpetiolar stipules

  5. Galium triflorum

  6. Caffea arabica

  7. Caffea arabica

  8. Hedyotis pusilla

  9. Mitchella repens – pubescent adaxial petal surface

  10. 51) Gentianaceae • Gentian Family • Herbs (shrubs and trees) often with winged stems • Leaves opposite, entire, without stipules, often united at base • Flowers perfect, usually in cymes; sepals 4-5, connate; petals 4-5, connate, plate, funnel or bell-shaped, margins sometimes fringed • Stamens as many as and adnate to petals

  11. ExamplesGentianaceae • Gentianopsis crinata (gentian) shown • Centaurium (century)

  12. Gentiana bavarica

  13. Sabatia angularis

  14. Gentiana procera

  15. 52) Asclepediaceae (now included in Apocynaceae) • Milkweed Family • Sap milky • Leaves opposite or whorled, stipules absent • Flowers 5-merous with distinctive corona, pollinia, translators and corpuscula • Fruit a follicle • Seed with a tuft of silky hairs

  16. ExamplesAsclepdiaceae • Asclepedium (milkweed) • Stapelia • Dischidia

  17. Asclepias spp. - Floral views

  18. Calotropis procera

  19. Calotropis procera

  20. Asclepedia spp.

  21. Dischidia spp. – leaves forming a bladder that ants fill with soil and other material forming a miniature garden

  22. Stapelia grandiflora

  23. Stapelia gigantia

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