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Postwar America

Postwar America. “The Affluent Society: For Some”. The Truman Years—Domestic Policy. Review: Foreign Policy Social Legislation: The Fair Deal Increase Social Security/Poverty Reduction/ Increase Min. Wage Civil Rights Ban discrimination in federal employment

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Postwar America

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  1. Postwar America “The Affluent Society: For Some”

  2. The Truman Years—Domestic Policy • Review: Foreign Policy • Social Legislation: The Fair Deal • Increase Social Security/Poverty Reduction/ Increase Min. Wage • Civil Rights • Ban discrimination in federal employment • Ends Segregation in the Military

  3. The Eisenhower Years • Federal Highway Act • Largest public works project in history • Connects Great Lakes to Atlantic Ocean • 41,000 miles of roads=Car Culture • Significance: Fuels an automotive boom and the growth of suburbs • Extends Social Security & Unemployment Insurance • Little Rock Crisis (1957) • Takes over Arkansas National Guard • Protect desegregation of Little Rock Central HS

  4. GI Bill • GI Bill Provides: • Funds for starting businesses, buying homes, attend college • Low interest loans to vets • Significance: • Helps Millions attend college • Homeownership increases 20%...growth of suburbia • Sparks Baby Boom • ↑ White-collar jobs; ↑ income

  5. “The American Dream” “It seems to me that every other housewife I see is pregnant.” 1958 • British tourist in the U.S. • Baby Boomers • (65 million)—1945-61 • 1957: 1 baby born every 7 sec. • What was the impact of the baby boom? • Growth of white-collar jobs/Corporations • New Technology • Transistor Radio, Computers, Antibiotics, Chemotherapy, CPR, Polio vaccine

  6. “The American Dream” • “Roaring 20s Relived” • Increased Consumer Spending • Mass Advertising • Increasing Income • Massive Growth of Suburbs (Levittowns) • Why? • Baby Boom • Federal Highway Act • Safer, Inexpensive, low income loans, income tax deductions for home • $7,990 or $60/month w/ no down payment

  7. Suburbs: “The New American Dream” • By 1960: 1/3 of Americans live in the suburbs • Typical Levittown Floorplan • 1 story high • 12’x19’ living room • 2 bedrooms • tiled bathroom • garage • small backyard • front lawn

  8. 1950s Consumerism All babies were potential consumers who spearheaded a brand-new market for food, clothing, and shelter. -- Life Magazine (May, 1958)

  9. Consumerism 1946  7,000 TV sets in the U. S.1950  50,000,000 TV sets in the U. S.

  10. Consumerism: Car Culture 1955: 1st McDonald’s Drive-Ins Howard Johnson

  11. “Teen Culture” • In the 1950s  the word “teenager” entered the American language. • Behavioral “Expectations” of the 1950s • Obey Authority. • Control Your Emotions. • Don’t Make Waves  Fit in with the Group. • Don’t Even Think About Sex!!! V.

  12. New Mass Media • Television • 1947-1957: 80% of homes have 1 TV • I Love Lucy, Dragnet, Ed Sullivan Show • Hollywood • Suffers blow; 3-D films? • Radio • Transforms with TV • Broadcasts music, sports, weather, news • Alan Freed

  13. Birth of Rock N’ Roll • Based on Afr. Amer. R &B, Blues, & Country • Loud beat ideal for dancing • Generation Gap • “White singers doing black music” • Songs about romance, cars, drinking, etc.. • Provocative Dance Moves (Elvis, Berry, Richard) • Ed Sullivan refuses to show Elvis dancing, shot from the waist up during his performance

  14. Roots of Rock N’ Roll Music in the 1950s

  15. Roots of Rock (Blues): B.B. King • Mississippi Cotton Picker • First Recorded by Sam Phillips at Sun Records (Memphis) • Influenced: • Eric Clapton • Bending Strings • Considered one of the greatest guitar players in history; • Known for interaction w/ the audience Suggested Songs: • Thrill Is Gone • Ain’t Nobody’s Business • Rock Me Baby Suggested Album: Live at San Quentin

  16. Roots of Rock (Blues): Muddy Waters • McKinley Morganfield • Heavily influenced by Son House • Chess Brothers (Chicago) • 1st star for Chess • Electric Guitar • Country infused sound resonates with migrants from South moving North Suggested Songs • “I Just Wanna Make Love To You” • “Got My Mojo Working” • “Mannish Boy”

  17. Roots of Rock Blues: Howlin’ Wolf • Tragic Childhood • Taught by Charlie Patton • Discovered by Sam Phillips • Chess Brothers (Chicago) Suggested Songs: • “How Many More Years” • “Smokestack Lightning” • “Moanin’ at Midnight”

  18. Other Early Hits • “Sixty Minute Man” –The Dominoes • “Money Honey” –The Drifters • “Ain’t That A Shame”—Fats Domino • “Shake Rattle & Roll”—Big Joe Turner • Covered by Bill Haley & Comets Other Musicians You Should Investigate: • John Lee Hooker: “Boogie Chillen”

  19. Pioneer of Rock and Roll: Little Richard • Key in the transition from R & B to Rock N’ Roll • Inspired James Brown, Elvis Presley, Otis Redding, Bob Dylan, Jimi Hendrix, Michael Jackson, The Beatles • 1957: born-again Christian • Becomes evangelist preacher Suggested Songs: “Tutti Frutti,” “Long Tall Sally,” “Dizzy Miss Lizzy,” “Keep A Knockin,” “Lucille”

  20. “Father of Rock N’ Roll”—Chuck Berry • Brilliant Lyricist/guitar player/self-promoter/social commentator • “Too Much Monkey Business” • Infl. Dylan’s “Subterranean Homesick Blues” • Influenced: Dylan, Beatles, Springsteen, Rolling Stones, Eric Clapton • 1959: Thrown in Jail; serves 2 years in prison Suggested Songs: “Johnny B. Goode,” “Maybelleine,” “Roll over Beethoven,” “Memphis,”

  21. Birth of “Rock N’ Roll” • “Rock N’ Roll” • Fusion of Country and Blues • Alan Freed • Cleveland Disc Jockey • Most famous DJ to play Afr. Amer. Music • Coins term “Rock N’ Roll” • PAYOLA

  22. Devil’s Music

  23. Pat Boone • White pop singer in 1950s and 60s • White Response • Coveredblack artists • Sold more records than his black counterparts

  24. Rock N’ Roll • Bill Haley & The Comets • Brings Rock N’ Roll to white America • 1954-56: 9 Top 20 singles • “Rock Around the Clock”

  25. Rock N’ Roll Pioneer: Buddy Holly • Singer/Songwriter • 1st to use overdubbing • Influenced: The Beatles, Rolling Stones, Bob Dylan, and Eric Clapton • Tragic Ending • Dies in plane crash: 2/3/1959 (Richie Valens, and Big Bopper) • “The Day the Music Died” Suggested Songs • “Not Fade Away” • “Words of Love” • “Peggy Sue” • “That’ll Be the Day” “Holly was the single most influential creative force in early rock and roll.”—critic, Bruce Eder

  26. The King of Rock: Elvis Presley • Discovered by Sam Phillips (Summer 1954) • “White Man with Black Feel” • Records “That’s All Right” 1954 • Manager: Col. Tom Parker • Takes 50% earnings for LIFE

  27. Elvis: The Glory Years (1956-1958) • RCA Records • “Heartbreak Hotel”--#1 on Pop Charts • Elvis Styles • Rock: “Hound Dog” & “Jailhouse Rock” • Pops: “Don’t Be Cruel” & “All Shook Up” • Ballads: “Love Me Tender” • Best Selling Record of the 50s • “Don’t Be Cruel”/“Hound Dog”

  28. Elvis in the Movies • Love Me Tender (56) • Loving You (57) • Jailhouse Rock (57) • King Creole (58) • Would appear in 20 feature films

  29. Elvis Goes to the Army • March 1958: Elvis Drafted into the Army • Rock Hits A Lull Until The Beatles/Beach Boys • Chuck Berry: Jail • Jerry Lee Lewis: Blacklisted • Little Richard: Religion • Buddy Holly: Dies Suggested Music (later recordings): • “Suspicious Minds,” “In the Ghetto,” “Polk Salad Annie” Suggested Album: • Live in Vegas Box Set

  30. Rockabilly • “Susie Q”—Dale Hawkins (1957) • “Who Will the Next Fool Be”—Charlie Rich • “Ooby Dooby”—Roy Orbison • “Rebel Rouser”—Duane Eddy • “Train Kept A Rollin”—Johnny Brunette Rock N’ Roll Trio

  31. Doo Wop Ballads • The Flamingos: “I Only Have Eyes For You” • Jerry Butler and the Impressions: “For Your Precious Love” • The 5 Satins: “In the Still Night”

  32. R & B: Push Toward Soul • Johnny Ace: “Pledging My Love” • Kills himself playing Russian Roulette • Screamin’ Jay Hawkins: “I Put A Spell On You” • Too wild for radio • Solomon Burke: “Cry to Me” • Incorporates Gospel Style

  33. Soul Pioneers: Ray Charles • Overcomes brutality of South and being blind • Controversial: Converts Gospel hymns into Soul songs • “I’ve Got A Woman” • 1st Million Selling Record • “What I’d Say” • Banned by some radio stations Suggested Songs: • “I’ve Got a Woman,” • “What I’d Say,” • “Hallelujah, I Just Lover Her So,” • “Hit the Road Jack,” • “Georgia on my Mind”

  34. Soul Pioneers: Jackie Wilson • Key in transition from R & B to Soul • Master Showman & Dynamic Singer • Tied Down by Brunswick Mob • 1975 Benefit Concert • Heart Attack on Stage Suggested Songs: • “Higher & Higher” • “Lonely Teardrops” • “Reet Petite”

  35. Soul Pioneers: Sam Cooke • King of Soul • Had 29 Top 40 Hits • Influenced Aretha Franklin, Marvin Gaye, Otis Redding, James Brown • Entrepreneur & Civil Rights Activist • Publishing Co. & Recording Studio • Tragic Death (1964) • Murdered at age 33, by Hacienda Motel manager Suggested Songs: • “Bring It On Home To Me” • “Chain Gang” • “Change Is Gonna Come” • “Wonderful World” • “You Send Me”

  36. Soul Pioneers: James Brown • Godfather of Soul • “Hardest Working Man in Show Business” • Most Sampled Artist in History of genre • Social/Civil Rights Activist Suggested Songs: • Please, Please, Please • Papa’s Got a Brand New Bag • Get Back • “Man’s Man’s Man’s World”

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