Unit 1 What is Psychology?

1. Unit 1 What is Psychology?

2. Vocabulary focus • words from general English with • a special meaning in psychology • prefixes and suffixes Skills focus Listening • preparing for a lecture • predicting lecture content from the introduction • understanding lecture organization • choosing an appropriate form of notes • making lecture notes Speaking • speaking from notes

4. Vocabulary bank Guessing words in context Using related words Sometimes a word in general English has a special meaning in psychology. Examples: vision, drive, conditioning, experiment If you recognize a word but don’t understand it in context, think: • What is the basic meaning of the word? • Does that help me understand the special meaning?

5. Vocabulary bank Guessing words in context Example: If you have good visionyou can see well. So knowing that vision is connected with seeing in some way may help you understand the special meaning of the word in the field of psychology.

6. 1.1 Vocabulary The bold words are probably familiar to you in general English. But can you think of a different meaning for each word in the field of psychology? Change the form if necessary (e.g., change a noun into a verb). A Read the text. It takes both vision and analysis to construct a new building. On such a project, the architects will stress the way the structure stimulates the imagination, while the contractors will be more conscious of daily working conditions.

7. 1.1 Vocabulary A Read the text. mental picture of imaginary objects and people exploring the structure and functions (of the mind) a mental structure or image attributing your own beliefs and feelings to another person the organism’s response to overstimulation produces a response in an organism one of the levels of mental awareness described by Freud a process of training, through stimuli and positive or negative reinforcement

8. 1.1 Vocabulary B Read these sentences from psychology texts. Complete each sentence with one of the bold words from Exercise A. Change the form if necessary. 1 Freud’s experiments in psycho_________ gave rise to his ‘dream theory’. 2 In Pavlov’s experiments with dogs, the conditioned __________ was a light. 3 Hallucinations, or ________, are a common symptom of mental disorder. 4 Overstimulation of the organism can lead to emotional tension or _______. 5 Kelly was an early proponent of Personal __________Theory. 6 Skinner’s experiments in operant ______________ were based on behaviourism. 7 Attributing your feelings to another person is known as ___________. 8 The __________ mind is the most accessible level of mental activity. analysis stimulus visions stress Construct conditioning projection conscious

9. C Study the words in box a. 1.1 Vocabulary 1 What is the connection between all the words? 2 What is the base word in each case? 3 What do we call the extra letters? 4 What is the meaning of each prefix? 5 Can you think of another word with each prefix?

10. D Study the words in box b. 1.1 Vocabulary 1 What is the connection between all the words? 2 What is the base word in each case? 3 What do we call the extra letters? 4 What effect do the extra letters have on the base word? 5 Can you think of another word with each suffix?

11. 1.1 Vocabulary C & D Study the words in box a and box b. suffix extra letters at the end a base word extra letters at the beginning a base word prefix

12. C Study the words in box a. 1.1 Vocabulary biofeedback life bio outside extra extraordinary PREFIX related to the nerves neurolinguistic neuro overestimate over more than normal parasympathetic para beyond psycho of the mind psychological reconstruct re again sub below subnormal transform trans across un unnatural not

13. D Study the words in box b. 1.1 Vocabulary noun → adjective conditioned ed subliminal al noun → adjective normality ity (noun) quality or condition SUFFIX imagination verb → noun ion ism egotism (noun) a state or condition osis metamorphosis a condition, process or state a person who practises an activityorprofession psychologist ist obsessive verb → adjective ive ment verb → noun development able imaginable verb → adjective

14. 1.1 Vocabulary E Use words from this page to discuss the pictures on the opposite page. theories of personality, Personal Construct Theory, Kelly Freud, dreams psychoanalysis hypnotising, sleeping, unconscious

15. 1.1 Vocabulary E Use words from this page to discuss the pictures on the opposite page. stress, emotional tension, difficulty, problems, overstimulation dog, experiment, flashing light, food, conditioned stimulus reflection, mirror, projection

16. 1.1 Vocabulary E Use words from this page to discuss the pictures on the opposite page. operant conditioning, Skinner’s box, rat, lever, behaviourism brain, mind, thinking, conscious, mental activity

17. 1.2 Listening A You are a student in the Psychology Faculty at Hadford University. The title of the first lecture isWhat is Psychology? 1 Write a definition of psychology. 2 What other ideas will be in this lecture? Make some notes. See Skills bank.

18. Skills bank Making the most of lectures 4 Ps

19. Skills bank Before a lecture… Plan • Find out the lecture topic. • Research the topic. • Check the pronunciation of names and key words in English.

20. Skills bank Before a lecture… Prepare • Get to the lecture room early. • Sit where you can see and hear clearly. • Bring any equipment you may need. • Write the date, topic and name of the lecturer at the top of a sheet of paper.

21. Skills bank During a lecture… Predict • Listen carefully to the introduction. Think: What kind of lecture is this? • Write an outline. Leave space for notes. • Think of possible answers/solutions/effects, etc., while the lecturer is speaking.

22. Skills bank During a lecture… Produce • Write notes/copy from the board. • Record sources – books/websites/names. • At the end, ask the lecturer/other students for missing information.

23. 1.2 Listening B Listen to Part 1 of the talk. What does the lecturer say about psychology? Tick the best choice. a It is about the mind. ____ b It is about behaviour. ____ c It is about philosophy. ____ d It is impossible to define. ____ √ 请将本单元的音频和此PPT放在一个单独的文件夹内，点击小喇叭即可播放音频。（下同）

24. 1.2 Listening C In Part 2 of the talk, the lecturer mentions the words extinction and sympathetic. 1 What do these words mean in general English and psychology? 2 Listen and check your ideas. a stage in the process of conditioning where a response disappears because a stimulus is removed the complete disappearance of a species from the planet (e.g., dinosaurs) the part of the nervous system that prepares the body to respond to danger (fight or flight) kind and understanding

25. D In Part 3 of the talk, the lecturer introduces different branches of psychology. 1.2 Listening 1 How many branches can you think of? 2 What is the main focus of each branch?

26. D In Part 3 of the talk, the lecturer introduces different branches of psychology. 3 Listen and check your ideas.4 What will the lecturer talk about next? 1.2 Listening The lecturer will talk about behaviour next.

27. 1.2 Listening E In the final part of the talk, the lecturer gives a definition of psychology, and some examples. Listen and mark each word in the box Dif itis part of the definition and Eif it is part of an example. D D E E E E D D

28. 1.2 Listening F Write a definition of psychology. Use words from Exercise E. Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and the mind. G Look back at your notes from Exercise A. Did you predict: • the main ideas? • most of the special vocabulary? • the order of information?

29. A Use the following prefixes and suffixes to form words used in psychology. Example: ~ology psychology neurosis, neurotic, neurolinguistic, neurobiological, neuroscience psychosis, psychotic, psycholinguistic, psychiatrist hypnosis, hypnotic, hypnotherapy 1.3 Extending skills subconscious, subnormal, subjective parapsychology, paralinguistic, paranormal disorder, dissociation agoraphobia, claustrophobia transactional, transference psychotherapy, psychotherapist, psychotherapeutic

30. B How can you organize information in a lecture? Match the beginnings and endings. question and contrast problem and definition 1.3 Extending skills classification and disadvantages advantages and effect comparison and events cause and supporting information sequence of process stages of a solution theories or opinions then answer

31. C How can you record information during a lecture? Match the illustrations with the words and phrases in the box. 1.3 Extending skills tree diagram two-columntable flow chart table headings and notes timeline spidergram

32. D Match each organization of information in Exercise B with a method of note-taking from Exercise C. You can use one method for different types of organization. two-column table advantages and disadvantages 1.3 Extending skills pros cons spidergram cause and effect classification and definition tree diagram comparison and contrast table

33. D Match each organization of information in Exercise B with a method of note-taking from Exercise C. You can use one method for different types of organization. table facts and figures 18th 19th 1920 1.3 Extending skills timeline sequence of events flow chart stages of a process question and answer headings and notes

34. E Listen to five lecture introductions. Choose a possible way to take notes from Exercise C in each case. Example You hear: Today, I am going to talk about the different branches of psychology. There are five main branches… You choose: tree diagram 1.3 Extending skills

35. E Listen to five lecture introductions. Choose a possible way to take notes from Exercise C in each case. Introduction 1 Introduction 2 Introduction 3 Introduction 4 Introduction 5 tree diagram (classification and definition) spidergram (cause and effect) 1.3 Extending skills timeline (sequence of events then flow chart) timeline, two-columntable (sequence of events running in parallel) table and spidergram (comparison and contrast)

36. A Study pictures 1-5. 1 What do they show? Use words from the box. 1.4 Extending skills

37. A Study pictures 1-5. 1 What do they show? Use words from the box. a sample psychometric test --- personality psychology a child building a Lego tower--- developmental psychology 1.4 Extending skills a syringe – drug dependency

38. A Study pictures 1-5. 1 What do they show? Use words from the box. 1.4 Extending skills a picture of Aristotle - history of psychology Pavlov’s dog --- classical conditioning

39. A Study pictures 1-5. 2 Now look at pictures A-C. What do they show? 1.4 Extending skills business meeting (industrial psychology) diagram of part of the nervous system newspaper headline

40. B Cover the opposite page. Listen to the lecture introductions from Lesson 1.3 again. Make an outline on a separate sheet of paper for each introduction. Introduction 1 Introduction 2 Introduction 3 Introduction 4 Introduction 5 1.4 Extending skills

41. C Look at your outline for each lecture. What do you expect the lecturer to talk about in the lecture? In what order? 1.4 Extending skills

42. D Listen to the next part of each lecture. Complete your notes. Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lecture 3 Lecture 4 Lecture 5 1.4 Extending skills 请将本单元的音频和此PPT放在一个单独的文件夹内，点击小喇叭或超链接即可播放音频。（下同）

43. E Uncover the opposite page. Check your notes against the model notes. Are yours the same or different? 1.4 Extending skills F Work in pairs. 1 Use the notes on the opposite page. Reconstruct one lecture. 2 Give the lecture to another pair.

44. Tips for Reference 1.1 Vocabulary部分，可以先让学生课前通过查阅词典等完成A、B、C、D的练习；接着，课堂上讲解vocabulary bank中的“Guessing words in context”技能；E部分的图片可以请学生课堂讨论。 1.2 Listening部分，按次序听完，并将skills bank中“Making the most of lectures”技能融入听力训练中。 1.3 Extending skills部分，重点讲解如何通过学术讲座的开头介绍，设计笔记的类型。 1.4 Extending skills部分，可以作为学生课后操练的练习；由学生听完整的讲座内容，并做好笔记；课堂上请学生根据笔记讲述内容。

45. 谢谢欣赏！