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Introduction to Psychology: Key Concepts and Historical Approaches

This module explores the fundamentals of psychology, including its definition, goals, and various approaches to understanding behavior. It covers historical perspectives from the Stone Age to modern theories such as behaviorism and humanistic psychology. Additionally, it delves into current methods of research, including scientific methods and data collection techniques. The course highlights how psychology intersects with natural and social sciences, and it investigates the influence of external factors on thoughts and behaviors.

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Introduction to Psychology: Key Concepts and Historical Approaches

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  1. What is Psychology??? Module 1

  2. Assigned Readings: • Intro’s to each Module covered (always) • Mod 1: A, B, C, E, H • Mod 2: A, D, E, G, H • Mod 25: A, B, D(590-91), E(592-94)

  3. Psychology is ... • Definition • How is it a __________? • Natural Sciences v. _________Sciences

  4. Goals of Psychology • _________ Behavior • _________ the Cause of Behavior • _______ Future Behavior • _________ Behavior

  5. Historical Approaches:Pre-1800’s • Stone Age • Egyptians ... _________ • Phrenology 1600-1700’s

  6. Historical Approaches:Mid 1800’s - Early 1900’s • _________...Wundt • “What is the _________ ?” • Introspection • Functionalism • “How does the _________ work?” • _________ Approach

  7. Current Approaches

  8. Psychobiological • How Biology, _________ , & _________ influence behavior

  9. Cognitive Approach • Emphasizes _________ operations. Interested in people’s patterns of thinking. (Pos/Neg, etc) • _______ = Thinking!!!

  10. Behaviorism • Interested in how we _________ , _________ , and condition _________ • Emphasis on Rewards and Punishments

  11. Psychoanalytic Approach • Stresses _________ experiences impact future behavior. Also believes in the Unconscious ______ . • Sigmund _________

  12. Humanistic Approach • People are naturally driven to reach their _________ • Self-Actualization

  13. Cross-Cultural Approach • Looks at the influence of _________ upon behavior and _________ • EX: Religion

  14. ? How would psychologists use the six current approaches to study whether _________ runs in families? ? ?

  15. Psychological Methods of Research Module 2

  16. Scientific Method • _________ the Problem • Review Literature • Formulate a _________ • Select a Research Design, then collect and analyze _______ • Develop a Conclusion

  17. Collecting Data • Selecting Subjects _________ • Population / Sample

  18. Methods • _________ • Questionnaire or Interview • Observation • __________, Participant, or • Directed (Controlled)

  19. Methods • Case Study • _________ • Longitudinal Study • Cross-Sectional Study

  20. Parapsychology • ESP • _________ • Precognition • Clairvoyance • Psychokinesis (or Telekinesis) • Scientific _________

  21. Social Psychology(Mod 25) Thoughts & Behaviors are _________ by others.

  22. Stereotypes • Key Types • _________ (attitudes) • _________ (behaviors) • Functions

  23. Attributions • Internal v. External • Biases and Errors • _________ Attribution Error • Actor/Observer Effect • _______________ Bias

  24. Social & Group Influences • Conformity • ________________(1958) • Obedience (Milgram 1963)

  25. Crowds • Deindividuation • The “_________ ” Effect

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