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Scientific Method: Steps to Problem-Solving

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Discover the systematic approach of scientific inquiry through observation, research, hypothesis, experiment, data analysis, and conclusion. Learn the key concepts of variables and how to conduct investigations effectively.

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Scientific Method: Steps to Problem-Solving

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  1. Snapshot • What do you think of when you see the words: Scientific Method K W L LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  2. LS.1 Scientific Inquiry The student will plan and conduct investigations

  3. Scientific Method • Series of organized steps used to solve a problem • Used by scientists and people around the world • 6 main steps • Observation & Stating the Problem • Research • Hypothesis • Experiment • Analyze Data • Conclusion LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  4. 1. Observation & Stating the Problem • Observation • All 5 senses (sight, smell, hearing, feeling, taste) • Gather information (just the facts) • Ex. The board is black • Stating the Problem • What could change or what causes what was observed? • Infer • Use observation & what you know to state what has happened • Ex. The board may be black b/c it doesn’t have chalk on it. LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  5. Observation Practice LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  6. 2. Research • Gathering information • About the problem • Experiments others have done • Print • Books • Science journals/ magazines • Non-print • People • Internet LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  7. 3. Hypothesis • Educated guess • Based on research • If…. then statement • Shows how two variables are related • Variables • Things that can change in an experiment • 3 types • Independent • Dependent • Controlled/Constants LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  8. Variables • Independent • You change on purpose • Manipulated variable • IV • Control • Shows that its only the IV that causes the effect • Receives none of the IV (no change) • The standard used to compare with the outcome in an experiment • Dependent • Reacts/ responds to changing IV • DV • What you measure in an experiment • Controlled Variable= constants • Things that can change, but you do not allow them to LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  9. Quiz 1 • An observation uses _____ to gather information. • The _______ is changed on purpose in an experiment. • A ________ is an educated guess. • Anything that can change in an experiment is called a _______. LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  10. Journal 1 • Make a scientific observation of this classroom. LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  11. Snapshot What are the three kinds of variables? This screen will disappear in 3 minutes. Seconds Remaining: 70 130 120 50 140 30 40 10 60 8 7 6 9 5 4 3 2 0 180 80 20 160 90 150 170 100 110 1 LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  12. Format for Writing a Hypothesis • If the __IV____(changes this way)__, then the __DV__ will ___(change this way)___. • Ex. Plants in the sun seem grow taller than plants in the shade. • IV = amount of sunlight • DV= height of plant • Hypothesis: • If the amount of sunlight increases then the plants height will increase. LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  13. 4. Experiment • Procedures used to test a hypothesis • at least 3 trials for each type of IV • Has Constants • Not allowed to change • Make more accurate • Gives data • Quantitative • Qualitative LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  14. 5. Analyze Data • Organize data into charts and graphs • Easier to see relationships • Easier to look at LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  15. Charts & Tables • Title • The effect of _IV_on_DV_ • IV goes on left column • DV or results go on right column • Mean = average The Effect of Amount of Sunlight on Height of Plant LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  16. Charts & Tables • Title • The effect of _IV_on_DV_ • IV goes on left column • DV or results go on right column • Mean = average The Effect of Amount of Sunlight on Height of Plant LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  17. Visual / picture of data 3 Types– look at IV to determine type Line If IV is quantitative or continuous an amount of something Numbers, years, etc Bar If IV is qualitative A type of something Names, kinds, etc Pie Used to show percentages Graphs LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  18. Setting up Graphs • Title • The effect of _IV_on_DV_ • Label each axis • X-axis (horizontal) = IV • Y-axis (vertical) = DV • Choose type of graph • Set scale/ increments • Same number between each line • Plot points The Effect of Amount of Sunlight on Height of Plant Y X LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  19. LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  20. Snapshot • Temperature may cause leaves to change color. • IV= __________ • DV= __________ • Label the axis correctly LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  21. Quiz 2 • Bacterial growth may be affected by temperature. • IV= __________ • DV= __________ • Hypothesis:_________________________ • Label the axis correctly LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  22. Snapshot • List the steps of the scientific method in order. • Which step involves using all 5 senses to gather information? • Which step is based on observation & research? LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  23. Snapshot • Make a graph and table of the following data: • The height of a tree was measured over a number of years • 4 yrs- 1meter, 8 yrs-2 m, 12yrs -3m, 16yrs-9 m, 18 yrs-16m LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  24. The Effect of # of Years on Height of Tree (m) LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  25. LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  26. 6. Conclusion • Did the data support the hypothesis? • Never says right or wrong • Ex. • The data supported the hypothesisin that_________________________________. • Share with others. LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  27. SI System • Systeme Internationale d’Unites • Used by scientists all around the world • Metric system • Base ten (uses prefixes) LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  28. SI Unit of Mass • Amount of matter in an object • Base Unit • Gram (g) • Lab tool • Triple beam balance • Spring scale • Double pan balance LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  29. SI Unit of Volume • Amount of space an object takes up • Base Unit • Liters (L) • Cubic centimeter (cc) • Solids • Length x width x height • Tools • Graduated cylinder • Beakers • flasks LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  30. SI Unit of Length • Distance between two points • Base Unit • Meter (m) • Lab Tool • Metric ruler • Meter stick LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

  31. Model • Scaled version of an original • Used when original is too: • large • small • expensive to see or experiment on. • Ex. Globe, map, toy car LS.1 a-j The student will plan and conduct investigations

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