Ch. 4 Section 4: The Age of Pericles

Ch. 4 Section 4: The Age of Pericles Created by: Mrs. Deborah Thompson

The Athenian Empire http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/acropolis/story/sto_set.htm l Main Idea: Under Pericles, Athens became very powerful and more democratic.

… Athens joined with other city-states, except Sparta, to form the Delian League. The Delian League was an alliance of Greek city-states, created to fight the Persians. … What was the job of the Delian League? 1. Promised to defend it’s members against the Persians. 2. Worked to drive the Persians out of Greek territories in Asia Minor. Because most of the chief officials and military leaders in the Delian League were Athenian, Athens gained control over all city-states, except Sparta. How did Athens become powerful?

Athens and the Delian League http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXnEewb4GE4&list=PLfPKzPoLH--dwBWPr4hLjpCYJOBwfeM9S

Democracy in Athens … Athenians believed in Democracy. This wouldn’t work with a large population like the U.S. The United States has a representative democracy where citizens choose a smaller group to make laws and governmentaldecisions on their behalf. Their system was a Directdemocracy where citizens met at mass meetings and voted on laws and policies.

The Birthplace of Democracy

Male citizens over 18 yearsold made up the assembly. The assembly passed alllaws, elected officials, and made decisions on war and foreign affairs. Assemblies met at the agora, an ancient marketplace for public debate. Generals carried out the assembly’s laws and policies. Who could vote in Athens?

After the Persian Wars, the leading general in Athenian politics was named Pericles. Pericles The Ideas of Pericles 1. Demanded strict loyalty and tax payments all city-states. 2. Insisted all city-states useAthenian coins and measures. 3. Included Athenians from all social classes in government. 4. Began paying government officeholders. http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/ms_wh_survey/page_build.htm?id=resources/jsp/starting_with_a_story/starting_with_a_story_ch8

The Age of Pericles Culture blossomed under Pericles The Age of Pericles was a “golden age” of creativity and learning for Athens . ? The Achievements of Pericles 1. Began a major building program and had statues and new temples constructed 2. Supported artists, architects, writers, and philosophers 3. Promoted the idea of democracy which included public debate, and majority rule Pericles worked to make Athens a centerpiece of art, philosophy, and democracy to serve as a model for all other city-states. Why did Pericles call Athens “the school of Greece”?

Pericles and the Parthenon

“All kinds of enterprises should be created which will provide an inspiration for every art, find employment for every hand… we must devote ourselves to acquiring things that will be the source of everlasting fame .” Pericles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFXJWkEvNgk&list=PLfPKzPoLH--dwBWPr4hLjpCYJOBwfeM9S

The Parthenon http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/acropolis/challenge/cha_set.html

Daily Life in Athens Many Athenians depended on farming for a living. Slavery was common in the ancient world and Athens depended on slavery to support it’s economy. What drove the Athenian economy? 3. Merchants and artisans grew wealthy by making and selling pottery, jewelry, leathergoods, and other products. 1 Farmers grew grains, vegetables, and fruit for local use and grapes and olives for wine and oil to sell abroad. 2. Herders raised sheep and goats for wool, milk, and cheese. 1. By the 400’s B.C., Athens had the largest population of all the city-states. 2. During the 400’s B.C., Athens became the trading center of the Greek world. How did Athens benefit from it's wealthy economy?

Women • Women married and cared for the home and children • Poor women worked with husbands in the fields or shopsbut wealthy women stayed home and supervised servants • Women couldn’t attend school and had no politicalrights or property Men and Women in Athens The roles of men and women were very different in ancient Athens. • Men • Men went toschool, worked, excersized, and attendedassembliesat all male gatherings to discuss politics and philosophy. • Men controlled Athenian society and families.

Aspasia 1. She was the wife of Pericles, and one of the few women who enjoyed special status. Who was Aspasia? 3. She influenced the ideas of Plato and Pericles although she was not allowed to vote or hold office 2. Aspasia was well educated and taught public speaking to many Athenian men.

The Peloponnesian War The Athenian empire became rich and powerful from trade and politics. The Parthenon Other city-states, led by Sparta, did not trustAthens. Athens and Sparta had very different societies and had clashed on many occasions. War between Athens and Sparta broke out in 431 B.C., and lasted for about 27 years. Main Idea: Sparta and Athens went to war for control of Greece. Historians call this conflict the Peloponnesian War because Sparta was located in the Peloponnesus.

Pericles Funeral Oration Is about … In the first winter of the war, the Athenians held a public funeral to honor those who had died in battle. Pericles delivered his famous speech called the Funeral Oration Pericles said: Pericles said: Pericles said: Pericles said: Athens was a great place and that the people made theirgovernment strong Athenians were part of a community and they had agreed to obey the rules in their constitution, which was the framework of their government Athenians had certain duties, such as paying taxes and defending their city-state Athenians had certain rights, such as the ability to vote, ownproperty, and run for office Pericles reminded the Athenians of the power of their democracy and motivated them to believe in themselves.

Peloponnesian War

“If we go to war, as I think we must, be determined that we are not going to climb down, for it is from the greatest dangers that the greatest glories are to be won.” Pericles

So, What Happened? The Peloponnesian War Pericles knew the Spartan army could defeat the Athenians in open battles, so he brought all the people into the city and had the navy deliver supplies from their colonies. Sparta had no navy to attack their ships. In the second year of the war, a terrible plague spread throughout the crowded city and killed one third of the people including Pericles. Although the Athenians fought on for another 25 years, the Spartans joined forces with the Persians and attacked and defeated Athens.

What happened After that? The Peloponnesian War weakened all of the major Greek City-states. 1. Many people died 2. Many farms were destroyed 3. Many people lost their jobs 4. The war made it impossible for the Greeks to unite and work together again Sparta tried to rule all of Greece, but within 30 years the city-states rebelled and the Greeks were fighting among themselves again.

Ch. 4 Section 4: The Age of Pericles