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Computer : History and Needs

N. Nilgün Çokça http://yunus. hacettepe .edu.tr/~ ncokca. Computer : History and Needs. A computer is an electronic tool for inputting, processing, storing, manipulating, and retrieving information. Numbers, letters voice or photographs can be taken as data.

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Computer : History and Needs

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  1. N. Nilgün Çokça http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~ncokca Computer: HistoryandNeeds

  2. A computer is an electronic tool for inputting, processing, storing, manipulating, and retrieving information. • Numbers, letters voice or photographs can be taken as data. • Computers are electronic machines that get data, process and returns this data to information. • A computer does not create information Basic Computer Concepts

  3. Input Four basic arithmetic process (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) Logical processes Output Memory The BasicDataProcessing:

  4. Finance Medicine Communication Marketing Libraries Education Commerce And surely in game sector. Computers Can be Used in :

  5. 3000 BC • the abacus (By Babylonians). • 1642 • Pascaline: The Pascaline used gears and wheels ("counting-wheels") to perform the calculations. • 1800 • Charles Babbage and his Difference Engine and Analytical Engine. History of Computers

  6. 1884 • The American Institute for Electrical Engineering (AIEE) was founded • 1889 • HermanHollerith won the competition for the delivery of data processing equipment to assist in the processing of the data from the 1890 US Census. • 1914 • Hollerith Tabulating Company, eventually becameone of the threethatcomposed the Calculating-Tabulating-Recording (C-T-R)company. • 1924 • Calculating-Tabulating-Recording (C-T-R) company in was renamed IBM in.

  7. 1937 • HowardAiken’sThe Harvard MARK Icomputerfor IBM • 1946 • Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC) • June 21, 1948 • Their prototype machine, the "Baby" was operated for the first time; the world truly moved from the domain of calculators to the domain of computers • 1957 • The IBM 305 RAMAC was the first disk memory system. • 1960 • After three years of work Backus and his colleagues delivered the first FORTRAN program compiler for the IBM 704, and almost immediately the first error message was encountered -- a missing comma in a computed GO TO statement

  8. 1964 • Douglas Engelbart had developed the “mouse” • April 7, 1964 • IBM announced System/360, the first IBM family of compatible machines. • Fall of 1964 • the Dartmouth Time Sharing System became operational with BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) • 1974 • Intel introduced the 8080 for the purposes of controlling traffic lights • First ATM machines appear.

  9. 1977 • Microsoft --Bill Gates and Paul Allen • Apple Corporations • 1981 • IBM "PC" and supported by the MicrosoftDOS operating system • Commodore introduced the VIC-20 • 1984 • Sony and Phillips announced CD-ROM. • 1985 • Microsoft Windows 1.0 had been announced.

  10. 1987 • Computer Society opens European office in Brussels • 1988 • Computer Society opens Asian office in Tokyo • 1990 • Software for Workstations (Computer Graphics 7/90) • 1994 • Netscape browser has been developed. • 1995 • Windows 95 announced.

  11. 1996 • Google is first developed by Sergey Brin and Larry Page. • 1997 • Microsoft releases Microsoft Office 97. • The Li-Ion battery begins being used for commercial uses. • 1998 • Apple introduces the iMac, the iMac helps bring Apple back on the computer maps as a very easy and friendly computer.

  12. 2001 • USB 2.0 is introduced. • Apple introduces the iPod. • 2004 • Google announces Gmail on April 1, 2004. • 2005 • YouTube is founded and comes online February 15, 2005. • Yahoo announces that it will acquire the popular photo service Flickr on March 21, 2005. • Microsoft Windows XP Professional x64 Edition is released on April 24, 2005.

  13. 2007 • Apple releases the Apple iPhone to the public June 29, 2007. • Microsoft releases Microsoft Windows Vista and Office 2007 to the general public January 30, 2007. • 2008 • The HD player war comes to an end when HD DVD calls it quit, making Blu-ray the victor on February 19, 2008.

  14. CPU Hardware

  15. Memory • RAM (random-access memory) • ROM (Read-Only Memory) Hardware 1 KB =1024 Byte  1000 Byte 1 MB = 1024*1024 Byte  1.048.576 Byte  1.000.000 Byte 1 GB =1024*1024*1024 Byte1.073.741.800 Byte  1.000.000.000 Byte

  16. Permanent Data Storages • Magnetic Tape • Magnetic Disk • Hard Disk • Floppy Disk • CD-ROM • DVD • USB Disk

  17. Input • Keyboard • Mouse • Lightpen • Scanner • Modem • Output • Screen • Printer • Modem Computer in Devices

  18. System Software • Macintosh Operating Systems • Novel (Netware) Operating Systems • Unix Operating Systems • Ms-Dos Operating Systems • Windows 95 and the rests • Application Program • Word Processor • Spreadsheet • Database Software END

  19. Abacus

  20. Pascaline

  21. Difference Engine

  22. Hollerith Desk

  23. The Harvard Mark I: an electro-mechanical computer

  24. TheOriginal IBM PersonalComputer (PC)

  25. The FirstComputerMouseHeld by Engelbart

  26. Bill Gates andPaul Allen

  27. Commodore the VIC-20

  28. Netscape

  29. Google

  30. iMAC

  31. USB

  32. iPOD

  33. iPHONE

  34. cpu

  35. Memory

  36. Input

  37. Output

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