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Quantum Wave Model

Quantum Wave Model. Electron Configuration. 4 subshells S, P, D, F. S Subshell. Spherical in Shape – enables the electrons to surround the nucleus of the atom Lowest energy level 1 orbital (each orbital holds 2 e-) Holds 2 e-. P Subshell.

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Quantum Wave Model

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  1. Quantum Wave Model

  2. Electron Configuration • 4 subshells • S, P, D, F

  3. S Subshell • Spherical in Shape – enables the electrons to surround the nucleus of the atom • Lowest energy level • 1 orbital (each orbital holds 2 e-) • Holds 2 e-

  4. P Subshell • Dumbbell shaped and can be oriented in space in one of three ways. • 3 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-) • Holds up to 6e-

  5. D Subshell • Dumbbell shaped • 5 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-) • Holds 10 e-

  6. F Subshell • Dumbbell shaped • Greatest energy • 7 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-) • Holds 14 e-

  7. Orbital Diagrams • Orbital Diagrams: Electrons enter the electron configuration (orbital diagram) pattern beginning at the lowest energy and filling the pattern to the highest energy.

  8. Hund’s Rule • Hund’s Rule: Electrons enter the each orbital individually until all orbitals are half filled before pairing with other electrons in the subshell. • In other words – one electron per orbital until all orbitals are filled, then 2nd electron can be placed in each orbital.

  9. Pauli Exclusion Principle • Pauli Exclusion Principle: an orbital can contain no more than two electrons and those two electrons must be paired, • In other words, electrons must have opposite spin (usually indicated by one up-arrow and one down-arrow).

  10. Feeling Overwhelmed? "Teacher, may I be excused? My brain is full."

  11. Modern Atomic Structure • Space Filling Model for Scandium

  12. __ 1s __ / __ __ __ 2s 2p __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 3s 3p 3d __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 4s 4p 4d 4f __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 5s 5p 5d 5f __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 6s 6p 6d 6f

  13. How many energy levels are there? • 7

  14. The ___ represents? • The orbital

  15. What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in one orbital • 2

  16. How many subshells are in the second energy level? • 2 • 2s and 2p How many electrons are in this energy level? 8

  17. How many orbitals are in the f subshell? • 7

  18. How many electrons will the third energy level hold? • 18

  19. What four letters represent the subshells? • S • P • D • F

  20. 1s2, 2s2, 2p6,3s23p6 • This is called the _________Configuration • Electron • What element does this electron configuration represent? • Argon

  21. The number 2 in 2p6represents the • Energy level

  22. The letter p in 2p6 represents the number of • Valence Electrons

  23. What is the maximum number of electrons the 4d subshell can hold? • 10

  24. What is an easy way to determine the number of valence electrons? • Look at the periodic table and determine the family the element is in. Family I – 1 valence electron Family II – 2 valence electrons Family III – 3 valence electrons Family IV – 4 valence electrons Family V – 5 valence electrons Family VI – 6 valence electrons Family VII – 7 valence electrons Family VIII – 8 valence electrons

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