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Networking

Networking. Kihong Park Assistant Professor Department of Computer Sciences Purdue University. Team. K. Park (CS) D. Yau (CS) W. Szpankowski (CS) N. Shroff (ECE) S. Fahmy (CS). Related Faculty. B. Bhargava (CS) D. Comer (CS) E. Houstis (CS) D. Marinescu (CS) V. Rego (CS). Funding (1).

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Networking

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  1. Networking Kihong ParkAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Computer SciencesPurdue University

  2. Team • K. Park (CS) • D. Yau (CS) • W. Szpankowski (CS) • N. Shroff (ECE) • S. Fahmy (CS)

  3. Related Faculty • B. Bhargava (CS) • D. Comer (CS) • E. Houstis (CS) • D. Marinescu (CS) • V. Rego (CS)

  4. Funding (1) • Network Scheduling • NSF ANI-9875789 (Park, CAREER) • NSF ANI-9714707 (Park) • End System Scheduling • NSF CCR-9875742 (Yau, CAREER) • NSF ESS-9806741 (Grama, Park, Yau)

  5. Funding (2) • Related • NSF ANI-9729721 (vBNS, Purdue-wide) • NSF NCR-9415491 (Szpankowski) • NSF CCR-9804760 (Szpankowski) • NSF NCR-9624525 (Shroff, CAREER) • NSF ANI-9805441 (Shroff, Schwartz) • Sprint (Park, Spafford)

  6. Labs • Network Systems Lab (Park) • Systems Software & Arch. Lab (Yau) • NEWS (Shroff) • Multimedia Compression (Szpankowski) • BOND, COAST, Internetworking Lab, Multimedia DB, RAID

  7. Components End-to-End QoS • Network Scheduling • Packet scheduling • End-to-end control • End System Scheduling • Real-time OS • Distributed scheduling

  8. Research Goal (1) • Network Environment

  9. Research Goal (2) • Diverse QoS requirements • Shared network resources • facilitate QoS-sensitive sharing of network resources

  10. Research Issues • Diverse user QoS requirements • Bursty traffic • Scalability • Efficiency • Resource contention resolution • Selfishness

  11. State-of-the-Art (1) • Resource Reservation & Admission Control • On-demand leasing of bandwidth • QoS guarantees • GPS routers • IETF Int-Serv (e.g., RSVP)

  12. State-of-the-Art (2) • Drawbacks • Wasteful • self-similar bursty traffic • overprovisioning • Scales poorly with system size • per-flow control • admission control & policing

  13. State-of-the-Art (3) • Overkill for many applications • Soft QoS • Graded service levels • Resource contention resolution • ``Who should get what’’ • Noncooperative environment

  14. State-of-the-Art (4) • IETF Diff-Serv • Assured service (Clark) • 2-bit marking bit RIO gateways • Premium service (Jacobson) • Leaky-bucket with priority gateways • aggregate flow control with weak protection

  15. State-of-the-Art (5) • Drawbacks • ``Differentiated’’ service • not QoS-sensitive • Admission control & policing/shaping • impediment to scalability • Weak complexity trade-off • Lack of resource contention resolution

  16. SBS Approach (1) • Dual Architecture • Guaranteed service (GS) • Reservation-based QoS • Small fraction of most stringent apps • Stratified best-effort service (SBS) • Graded service • Large spectrum of QoS-sensitive apps

  17. SBS Approach (2) • Architectural Features • Compatible with reservation scheme • Common substrate of GPS routers • Amortize cost of overprovisioning for GS • Aggregate flow control • Per-flow QoS control • Zero per-flow state at routers • Distributed protocol

  18. SBS Approach (3) • SBS Router

  19. SBS Approach (4) • SBS Control Path

  20. SBS Approach (5) • Properties • Graded services • Beyond differentiated services • QoS-sensitivity • Scalability • No resource reservation • No admission control • Aggregate flow control • Simple user/network interface

  21. SBS Approach (6) • Resource contention resolution • Selfish user behavior • Stability, optimality, efficiency • Pricing • WAN implementation • User-centric  networking-centric mechanism • Simple user/simple network realization • Distributed QoS Control

  22. Distributed QoS Control (1) • Component Services • Guaranteed service (GS) • Stratified best-effort service (SBS) • SBS Protocol • Packet scheduling at routers • End-to-end control

  23. Distributed QoS Control (2) • WAN QoS Control: GS

  24. Distributed QoS Control (3) • WAN QoS Control: SBS + GS

  25. Distributed QoS Control (4) • Self-Optimization Procedure Select service class s.t. • . QoS requirement is satisfied • . Least cost, i.e., minimum resource service class • User optimal • Selfishness emulation

  26. Distributed QoS Control (5) • GPS Switch & Multi-Class QoS

  27. Distributed QoS Control (6) • Service Class-QoS Association Table • Ca <Cb Pa >Pb

  28. System Operation (1) • Service Access Point • Direct user access • Access by DB & Security modules • Export API • (GS/SBS, QoS Requirement Vector)

  29. System Operation (2) • Interface with DB & Security Modules

  30. QoS Parameters & Translation (1) • Network QoS • Traffic characterization • Mean/peak/minimum data rates • Reliable/unreliable transport • QoS requirements • Packet loss rate • Delay • Jitter

  31. QoS Parameters & Translation (2) • Application QoS • QoP & other user requirements • Video frame rate (f/s) • Hit rate • Hit rate jitter • Reliability • Security services

  32. QoS Parameters & Translation (3) • Hit Rate • Probability of timely arrival

  33. QoS Parameters & Translation (4) • QoS Translation

  34. QoS Parameters & Translation (5) • Example (hit rate) if Measured Hit Rate < Target Hit Rate then increase allocated resources else decrease resources • QoS translation & control loop

  35. System Performance (1) • vBNS Benchmarking

  36. System Performance (2) • Traffic Configuration

  37. System Performance (3) • SBS Performance

  38. System Performance (4) • Performance Comparison

  39. End-to-End QoS Control (1) • SBS Exports Graded Services • QoS amplification using end-to-end control

  40. End-to-End QoS Control (2) • Real-Time Traffic • Adaptive forward error-correction • Inject redundancy adaptively (network state) • Maintain invariant target QoS • Optimal control problem • AFEC protocol

  41. End-to-End QoS Control (3) • QoS-Redundancy Curve

  42. End-to-End QoS Control (4) • Real-Time MPEG Video Transport

  43. End-to-End QoS Control (5) • Benchmark Experiments

  44. End-to-End QoS Control (6) • Benchmark Data

  45. End-to-End QoS Control (7) • Performance Measurements

  46. End-to-End QoS Control (8) • Redundancy Trace

  47. End-to-End QoS Control (9) • Self-Similar Traffic Control • Exploit long-range dependence • Multiple time scale congestion control (MTSC) • Throughput (SAC, TCP-MT) • Real-time traffic (AFEC-MT)

  48. End-to-End QoS Control (10) • Multiple time scale congestion control

  49. Proposed Research (1) • Implementation of GS/SBS Architecture • Experimental network • ``Purdue Infobahn’’ • Testbed & substrate for MSI • User/network API • 2-Tier network • Backbone: Cisco 72xx routers • LANs: ATM & Gigabit Ethernet

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