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Causes of WWI Immediate Cause ----June 28, 1914 Assassination of Franz Ferdinand of Austria

Causes of WWI Immediate Cause ----June 28, 1914 Assassination of Franz Ferdinand of Austria Hostile alliances take effect---War declared Central Powers vs. Allied Powers Germany Great Britain Austria/Hungary France Ottoman Empire Russia Trench warfare and the Western Front

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Causes of WWI Immediate Cause ----June 28, 1914 Assassination of Franz Ferdinand of Austria

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  1. Causes of WWI • Immediate Cause----June 28, 1914 • Assassination of Franz Ferdinand of Austria • Hostile alliances take effect---War declared • Central Powersvs. Allied Powers • Germany Great Britain • Austria/Hungary France • Ottoman Empire Russia • Trench warfare and the Western Front • 3. President Wilson • Calls for neutrality = conflicting sympathies • US belief = right to trade with all nations • Germany and Great Britain violated this policy. WORLD WAR I, 1914 TO 1918

  2. 4. From neutrality to war. • German policy • Unrestricted submarine warfare= USW • U-Boat, sunk the Lusitania (May 7, 1915) • Zimmerman Note:Jan. 1917 • 5. April 8, 1917 US declares war on Germany…… • Germans violated our trade and neutrality • War to end all war • The world must be made safe for democracy • Side with the Allies

  3. US ENTERS THE WAR • President Wilson: The War to End All War • War outlook in Jan. 1917 • Poor for Allies: Why? • U.S. troops in France---American Expeditionary Forces • Led by General John J. Pershing • US Troops • 2. Actions of Wilson and Congress 3. Women in WWI • worked in the factories • 19th Amendment----women’s suffrage 4. End of War • Nov. 11th = 11-11-11 = end of the war • Germans sign an armistice

  4. WWI, THE AFTERMATH 1. President Wilson’s 14 Points 2. Treaty of Versailles = Big 4 countries • Germany was forced to • pay war debts = reparations---$53 billion • Remain disarmed • Lost all colonies • Responsible for war • Created new countries • 3. Wilson’s Problems at Home • Senate rejects Treaty of Versailles • Does not join the League of Nations…….Why? • Lodge vs. Wilson • Draw U.S. into another war • Took away Congress’s power to declare war. • Americans wanted neutrality

  5. 4.Results of Treaty of Versailles • New democracies would fail without US aid • Germany: treaty of revenge = leads to WWII 5. Post war adjustments….

  6. 1st World War in history • Great War or War to End all War • Not called WWI until after WWII • Total war • Involved 60 nations and 6 continents

  7. Cost of War • $400 billion • $10 million dollars an hour • 16 million deaths • First war of the Industrial Revolution…… • New Weapons vs old tactics of fighting

  8. world map

  9. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS Howitzer is any short cannon that delivers its shells in a high trajectory. The word is derived from an old German word for "catapult".

  10. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  11. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  12. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  13. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  14. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  15. Trench Warfare

  16. Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land” “Suicide Ditch" was a term used by British soldiers to refer to the front-line trench.

  17. TRENCH WARFARE

  18. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  19. The Zeppelin The first zeppelin raid on London was on 31 May 1915.  Earlier raids in January 1915 had avoided London.  The London raid resulted in 28 deaths and 60 injuries.

  20. FlameThrowers GrenadeLaunchers

  21. Poison Gas Machine Gun

  22. LEADERS AND HEROES OF WWI Franz Ferdinand Kaiser Wilhem President Wilson Czar Nicholas Gen. John J. Pershing Sen. Henry Lodge Sergeant Alvin York Eddie Baron Manfred Valadir Leninn Rickenbacker von Richthofen Central Powers Allied Powers

  23. Emperor Franz Joseph King George V – Great Britain Austria-Hun. Empire

  24. CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I • Nationalism • Countries proud of their heritage and culture • Similar topatriotism • Ethnic groups of similar heritage wanted to free their oppressed brethren and unite their people into one country • Germany wanted to expand its culture and political influence throughout Europe.

  25. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

  26. ASSASSINATION OF FRANZ FERDINAND Franz Ferdinand’s funeral procession Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his family. Archduke was heir to the throne in the Austrian Hungarian Empire. His assassination June 28, 1914 eventually led to WWI. Garvillo Princip, a Serbian nationalist assassinated the Archduke. He was trying to gain allowances for his fellow Serbs who lived under Austrian rule.

  27. alliances1 ALLIANCES LEAD TO WWI • Austrian-Hungarian Empire controlled several ethic groups. • Serbian nationalists wanted to untie Serbs who lived in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire with Serbia. • This led to the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Saravejo

  28. CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I • Imperialism • France, Great Britain, Germany and Russia were establishing colonies in Africa and Asia • economic and political control over other countries…… • these countries were in competition for colonies

  29. CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I European nations competing for colonies around the world…..Imperialism

  30. Cartoon-European grab bag COLONIAL CLAIMS BY 1900

  31. Cartoon-European grab bag COLONIAL CLAIMS BY 1900

  32. CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I • Militarism • European nations began an arms race as they competed for colonies around the world……

  33. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, France, British and Russia] in millions of dollars. By 1906, President Roosevelt had built the US Navy into the 3rd largest naval fleet in the world….The Great White Fleet

  34. Mobilization • Home by Christmas! • No major war in 50 years! • Nationalism!

  35. CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I • Alliances • European nations began forming military alliances with one another to maintain a balance of power …….. • Triple Alliance Triple EntenteCentral PowersAllied Powers • Germany Great Britain Austria-Hungary Empire FranceBulgaria Russia

  36. alliances1 ALLIANCES LEAD TO WWI • June 28Assassination at Sarajevo • July 28Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia • July 30Russia began mobilization • 4. August 1Germany declared war on Russia

  37. alliances2 ALLIANCES LEAD TO WWI • August 3Germany declared war on France • 6. August 3Great Britain declared war on Germany • August 6Russia and Austria/Hungary at war. • August 12Great Britain declared war on Austria/Hungary

  38. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers Central Powers Great Britain Germany Austrian-Hungarian Empire France Russia Turkey Italy

  39. GERMAN INVASION OF BELGIUM battle fronts • German invasion in August of 1914, through Belgium to conquer France. • Gave French and British militaries enough time to mobilize their army • Belgium puts up a strong fight. • 1st Battle of the Marne River, France and Great Britain stop Germany from capturing Paris. • France, England and Germany involve itself in trench warfare from 1914 to 1918

  40. battle fronts

  41. STALEMATE AND WARFARE Stalemate • By September 1914, the war had reached a stalemate, a situation in which neither side is able to gain an advantage. • When a French and British force stopped a German advance near Paris, both sides holed up in trenches separated by an empty “no man’s land.” Small gains in land resulted in huge numbers of human casualties. • Both sides continued to add new allies, hoping to gain an advantage. Modern Warfare • Neither soldiers nor officers were prepared for the new, highly efficient killing machines used in WW I. • Machine guns, hand grenades, artillery shells, and poison gas killed thousands of soldiers who left their trenches to attack the enemy. • As morale fell, the lines between soldiers and civilians began to blur. The armies began to burn fields, kill livestock, and poison wells.

  42. US IN 1914 • Panama Canal was completed in August of 1914 just a week before WWI began in Europe. • Woodrow Wilson became President in 1912. • Americans were shocked by the outbreak of war but…………..it was in Europe. • US was officially NEUTRAL

  43. Mexico

  44. The Mexican Revolution: 1910s Victoriano Huerta seizes control of Mexico and puts Madero in prison where he was murdered. Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought against Huerta. The U.S. also got involved by occupying Veracruz and Huerta fled the country. Eventually Carranza would gain power in Mexico.

  45. The Mexican Revolution: 1910s Emiliano Zapata Pancho Villa Venustiano Carranza Porfirio Diaz Francisco I Madero

  46. Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy” The U. S. shouldbe the conscienceof the world. Spread democracy. Promote peace. Condemn colonialism.

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