Unit 10 Social Issues

1. Unit 10 Social Issues By FENG Pengpeng

2. Outline • Text A conversation: An Encounter with the Homeless • Text B Calling for More Care for Left-behind Children • Exercises

3. Text A conversation: An Encounter with the Homeless Encounter: n. a meeting, especially one that happens by chance 遇见，偶然碰到 e.g. This meeting will be the first encounter between the party leaders since the election. Homeless:adj. without a home 无家可归的 E.g. Accommodation needs to be found for thousands of homeless families.

4. An Overview • Peter is a junior student helping his professor doing some research on the homeless in the United States. He has interviewed 50 people and now is talking to John, who lives under a bridge in the downtown area.

5. Peter: Excuse me. Do you have a minute? • John: Who wants to know? • Peter: My name is Peter, and I’m a college student doing a study of life on the streets. Would you mind if I ask you a few questions? • John: Go ahead. I have all the time in the world. Would you like me to do your portrait? • Peter: Okay. Why not?

6. John: Thanks. What do you want to know? • Peter: I know it’s none of my business, but how did you end up on the streets? • John: Well, I was working late one night. I used to work as a cartoonist. Freelancing, I mean. I fell asleep for a moment or two. Next thing I knew was the place was in flames. • Peter: Your apartment was on fire? • John: Yup. It was caused by the cigarette I was smoking. • Peter: Were you injured?

7. John: My right hand was burnt. I was told I’d never be able to draw again. • Peter: How do you survive now? • John: I’m on welfare, but it’s not enough to pay for a decent home. I’ll tell you, I’d rather live here under the clear blue sky than in one of those low-income housing projects. • Peter: Are you looking for work now? • John: Come on. No one would hire me now.

8. Peter: What do you do during the winter? It must get cold out here. • John: The police try to take us into shelters, but I always hide from them. It’s really not so bad. You get used to the cold and the hunger. It’s surprising to see how well we human beings can adapt. Here, your portrait is ready.

9. Peter: Wow! That’s pretty good. Thanks.It’s been nice talking to you, but I’m afraid I must be leaving now. How much do I owe you? • John: Don’t worry about it. I’ve enjoyed talking to you. I don’t always get company, you know?

10. Detailed reading • Peter is a junior student helping his professor doing some research on the homeless in the United States. He has interviewed 50 people and now is talking to John, who lives under a bridge in the downtown area.

11. Peter is a junior student helping his professor doing some research on the homeless in the United States. • a junior student 大学三年级学生 (freshman/ sophomore/ junior/ senior/ postgraduate) • helping his professor doing some research on… • Help sb doing sth帮助某人做某事 e.g. Would you please help me filing these documents? • Do research on sth研究某事 e.g. She is part of the group of scientists doing research on people’s diets. They are carrying out research on dolphin’s language.

12. He has interviewed 50 people and now is talking to John, who lives under a bridge in the downtown area. • Interview: v. to ask someone questions in an interview e.g. • We've had 200 applicants for the job, but we only plan to interview about 20 of them. • Who's the most famous person you've ever interviewed on TV? • … John, who lives under a bridge in the downtown area. 非限制性定语从句

13. 翻译 • Peter is a junior student helping his professor doing some research on the homeless in the United States. He has interviewed 50 people and now is talking to John, who lives under a bridge in the downtown area. • 彼得是大学三年级的学生，正在帮他的教授开展一项关于美国无家可归之人的研究。他已经访谈了50个人，现在正在和约翰谈话。约翰住在市中心的一座天桥下面。

14. Peter: Excuse me. Do you have a minute? • John: Who wants to know? • Peter: My name is Peter, and I’m a college student doing a study of life on the streets. Would you mind if I ask you a few questions? • John: Go ahead. I have all the time in the world. Would you like me to do your portrait? • Peter: Okay. Why not?

15. Conversation skill: starting a conversation --Excuse me. Do you have a minute? --John: Who wants to know? --Peter: My name is Peter… • Excuse me向不熟悉的人打听情况或提出请求 • Do you have a minute? 你有时间吗? • Who wants to know? 询问说话人的身份

16. Excuse me 用法 • 用来向不熟悉的人打听情况或提出请求(其实质用法是引人注意) 。如：Excuse me, does this bus go to the railway station? 请问这公共汽车去火车站吗? • 用来客气地打断别人的话。 如：Excuse me, what you said was wrong. 对不起，你说错了。 • 作从别人面前经过时的礼貌用语。如：Excuse me, could I get past? 劳驾，让我过去好吗? • 表示中途退席或暂时告退。 如：Excuse me, I’ll be back in a minute. 对不起，我一会儿就回来。

17. I’m a college student doing a study of life on the streets. • Do a study of sth 做关于……的研究 e.g. • They start to do a study of the relationship between watching TV and getting depression • doing a study of …在此是现在分词短语做定语,修饰college student。

18. Conversation skills --Would you mind if I ask you a few questions? --Go ahead.…Would you like me to do your portrait? --Okay. Why not? • would you mind if…与would you like me to …两个句型都是向对方提出要求。此处回答均为肯定，分别用go ahead和 Okay, why not。

19. Would you mind if I ask you a few questions? • 用mind询问是否介意，可以用以下结构： • would you mind doing sth • would you mind sth • would you mind if 从句 本句也可以说 Would you mind my asking you a few questions?

20. Go ahead.在此表示同意 • Go ahead的用法 • 表示同意或允许，如： A：May I start? 我可以开始了吗? B：Yes, go ahead. 好，开始吧。OR A：Do you mind if I smoke? 我抽烟你介意吗? B：No, go ahead. 不介意，你抽吧。 • 表示继续做某事，如： Go ahead, we’re all listening. 继续讲吧，我们都在听着呢! Go ahead, what are you waiting for? 往前走呀，你在等什么? • 表示请对方先走或先做某事，可译为：你先走上步；你先请。如： You go ahead. I’ll join you shortly. 你们先开始，我一会儿就来(和你们一块儿干)。 • 表示有进展或有进步。如： Work is going ahead. 工作有进展

21. Would you like me to do your portrait? • portrait: n. a painting, photograph, drawing, etc. of a person or, less commonly, of a group of people 肖像, 画像e.g. The portrait flatters her.这幅画像比她本人美。 The portrait looks real.这肖像看起来栩栩如生。 • do one’s portrait: 为某人画像

22. 翻译 • Peter: Excuse me. Do you have a minute? • John: Who wants to know? • Peter: My name is Peter, and I’m a college student doing a study of life on the streets. Would you mind if I ask you a few questions? • John: Go ahead. I have all the time in the world. Would you like me to do your portrait? • Peter: Okay. Why not? • 彼得：打扰一下，请问您有时间吗？ • 约翰：你是谁？ • 彼得：我是彼得，正在做一项关于街头生活的研究。您介意我问您几个问题吗？ • 约翰：问吧。我反正时间多得是。你愿意我给你画幅肖像吗？ • 彼得：好啊，可以啊。

23. John: Thanks. What do you want to know? • Peter: I know it’s none of my business, but how did you end up on the streets? • John: Well, I was working late one night. I used to work as a cartoonist. Freelancing, I mean. I fell asleep for a moment or two. Next thing I knew was the place was in flames. • Peter: Your apartment was on fire? • John: Yup. It was caused by the cigarette I was smoking. • Peter: Were you injured?

24. I know it’s none of my business, but how did you end up on the streets? • It’s none of my business. 不关我事。 It’s none of your/his/their business. 不关你的/他的/他们的事。 • end up: to finally be in a particular place or situation e.g She'll end up penniless if she carries on spending like that.

25. I was working late one night. I used to work as a cartoonist. Freelancing, I mean. • was working late... 过去进行时 • used to: a particular thing always happened or was true in the past过去经常做…… e.g. She used to live in Guangzhou. You don't come and see me like you used to.

26. cartoonist n. a person who specializes in drawing cartoons.漫画家 • Freelance n.somebody who is self-employed and isn't committed to an employer for too long自由职业者 （freelancer, or freelance worker）

27. I fell asleep for a moment or two. Next thing I knew was the place was in flames. • for a moment or two 一会儿 • next thing I knew 定语从句 • the place was in flames 表语从句 • in flames 燃烧，处于火焰中 （flame: n. 火焰） The building was soon enveloped in flames. 那幢建筑物很快就陷入了火海之中。

28. Your apartment was on fire? • on fire 着火 e.g. His house was on fire when he came back.

29. Yup. It was caused by the cigarette I was smoking. • yup: yes 是的，对。 • It was caused by the cigarette I was smoking. 定语从句 • caused by 由......引起

30. John: Thanks. What do you want to know? • Peter: I know it’s none of my business, but how did you end up on the streets? • John: Well, I was working late one night. I used to work as a cartoonist. Freelancing, I mean. • 约翰：谢谢。你想问什么？ • 彼得：我知道这跟我没关系，可您是怎么流落街头的呢？ • 约翰：哦，一天晚上我工作得很晚。我过去是个漫画家，我是说自由职业者。

31. I fell asleep for a moment or two. Next thing I knew was the place was in flames. • Peter: Your apartment was on fire? • John: Yup. It was caused by the cigarette I was smoking. • Peter: Were you injured? 我睡着了一小会儿，接下来我就知道房子着火了。 • 彼得：您的公寓着火了？ • 约翰：对。是我抽烟引起的。 • 彼得：您受伤了吗？

32. John: My right hand was burnt. I was told I’d never be able to draw again. • Peter: How do you survive now? • John: I’m on welfare, but it’s not enough to pay for a decent home. I’ll tell you, I’d rather live here under the clear blue sky than in one of those low-income housing projects. • Peter: Are you looking for work now? • John: Come on. No one would hire me now.

33. How do you survive now? • Survive: v. to continue to live or exist, especially after coming close to dying or being destroyed or after being in a difficult or threatening situation 生存；活着 e.g. • The family are struggling to survive on very little money. • The front passengers were lucky to survive the accident.

34. I’m on welfare, but it’s not enough to pay for a decent home. • on welfare: receiving financial help from the state because you are poor or have not been employed for a long time 领取政府救助 • welfare n. help given, especially by the state or an organization, to people who need it, especially because they do not have enough money 福利 e.g. • This national fund pays for welfare benefits such as unemployment and sickness pay. • decent adj. 体面的，相当好的 e.g. • He dreamed of living in decent conditions. 他梦想着过体面的生活。

35. I’ll tell you, I’d rather live here under the clear blue sky than in one of those low-income housing projects. • Would rather… than…宁愿e.g. He'd rather die than (= He certainly does not want to) let me think he needed help. • low-income housing projects 廉租房 low-income adj. paid low wages 低收入的 e.g. They are among the low-income workers in the country.

36. conversation skills • Are you looking for work now? • Come on. No one would hire me now. • come on的用法：在此处表示不同意别人的观点，翻译为 “得了吧”“算了吧”。 • hire: v. 雇佣 e.g. • We hired an advertising company for help to sell our product. 我们雇用了一家广告公司来推销我们的产品。

37. John: My right hand was burnt. I was told I’d never be able to draw again. • Peter: How do you survive now? • John: I’m on welfare, but it’s not enough to pay for a decent home. I’ll tell you, I’d rather live here under the clear blue sky than in one of those low-income housing projects. • Peter: Are you looking for work now? • John: Come on. No one would hire me now. • 约翰：我烧伤了右手，医生说我再也不可能画画了。 • 彼得：那您现在怎么生活？ • 约翰：我靠福利，不过那点钱不够负担一个像样的家。老实说，我宁愿在这里生活在清澈的蓝天下，也不愿意住在那些低收入住房里。 • 彼得：您如今在找工作吗？ • 约翰：得了吧，没有人愿意雇用我。

38. Peter: What do you do during the winter? It must get cold out here. • John: The police try to take us into shelters, but I always hide from them. It’s really not so bad. You get used to the cold and the hunger. It’s surprising to see how well we human beings can adapt. Here, your portrait is ready.

39. It must get cold out here. • must表示猜测 • 例题 Tom has several houses in london, so he _______ be very rich. D. may B. must C. can D. might B

40. The police try to take us into shelters, but I always hide from them. • shelter n. (a building designed to give) protection from bad weather, danger or attack 庇护所 e.g. • The trees gave/provided some shelter from the rain. • They opened a shelter to provide temporary housing for the city's homeless. • hide from sb. 隐瞒某人，隐藏 • The valley was hidden from view in the mist. 溪谷隐没在雾霭之中，看不见了。

41. You get used to the cold and the hunger. • get used to sth./ doing sth. 对某事物已习惯，已适应 • 其他类似表达：become/ be used to • e.g. The food in England is strange at first but you will soon get used to it. 英国食物乍一吃很不习惯，但不久就能适应了。 • the cold/ the hunger: the+形容词充当名词，又见the homeless

42. It’s surprising to see how well we human beings can adapt. • It's surprising to see... 中，it是形式主语，句子的真正主语是to see这一不定式结构。 • how well we human beings can adapt是宾语从句，语序是陈述句语序。 • adapt: v. to change something to suit different conditions or uses 适应 e.g. • We had to adapt our plans to fit Jack's timetable. • Mary is good at adapting to new environment.

43. Peter: What do you do during the winter? It must get cold out here. • John: The police try to take us into shelters, but I always hide from them. It’s really not so bad. You get used to the cold and the hunger. It’s surprising to see how well we human beings can adapt. Here, your portrait is ready. • 彼得：您如何过冬？这里肯定很冷。 • 约翰：警察试图带我们去收容所，不过我总是躲起来不让他们找到。这里也不差，人逐渐就适应了寒冷和饥饿。很惊讶吧，看到我们人类有这么强的适应力。给你，你的肖像画好了。

44. Peter: Wow! That’s pretty good. Thanks.It’s been nice talking to you, but I’m afraid I must be leaving now. How much do I owe you? • John: Don’t worry about it. I’ve enjoyed talking to you. I don’t always get company, you know?

45. It’s been nice talking to you, but I’m afraid I must be leaving now. • 通常出现在对话的末尾，礼貌地表示即将结束对话。 • I'm afraid 我恐怕，口语中使语气听起来更加委婉。 • I must be leaving now: must后跟进行时表示即将发生的动作。

46. How much do I owe you? • Owe: v.HAVE DEBTS 欠（债） e.g. • I owe you a drink for helping me move. • I think you owe (= should give) me an explanation/apology .

47. I’ve enjoyed talking to you. I don’t always get company, you know? • enjoy doing sth. e.g. • 动名词常跟在某些动词如enjoy, finish, mind, can't help(禁不住), suggest(建议), advise, consider(考虑), practise, admit, imagine 等以及含介词的短语动词insist on, stop...from, look forward to, pay attention to等后面作宾语。e.g. Do you mind my smoking here?

48. get company 有伴 • company: n. when you are with a person or people, or the person or people you are with 陪伴；伙伴 e.g. • I just enjoy his company. • I travelled in the company of two friends.

49. Peter: Wow! That’s pretty good. Thanks.It’s been nice talking to you, but I’m afraid I must be leaving now. How much do I owe you? • John: Don’t worry about it. I’ve enjoyed talking to you. I don’t always get company, you know? • 彼得：哇，很不错啊。谢谢。跟你谈话很开心，不过恐怕我得离开了。我需要付您多少钱？ • 约翰：别担心这个。我也很高兴跟你聊天，我没什么伴，知道吗？

50. Idiomatic Study: taking leaves The following phrases are useful when you want to say good-bye to someone or you want to indicate that you want to leave. • Well, it’s been nice talking to you. • Well, it’s been nice seeing you again. • I’ve enjoyed talking to you.