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Understanding the Civil War: Perspectives, Causes, and Key Events

This study guide explores the differing viewpoints of the North and South on slavery and union, outlines five key causes of the Civil War, and details the major battles that shaped its outcome. It analyzes the impacts of the war on the Union and discusses political theories regarding state rights. Key legislative acts such as the Missouri Compromise and the Kansas-Nebraska Act are examined, alongside the significant events leading up to and during the war, including the Emancipation Proclamation and battles at Antietam and Gettysburg.

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Understanding the Civil War: Perspectives, Causes, and Key Events

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  1. Study Guide #8 • 1) Identify 2 ways of thinking in relation to how the North and South looked at the issue of slavery and union differently • 2) Identify 5 causes of the Civil War and explain how each lead the Union to dissolving. • 3) Identify 2 major battles and their impact on the outcome of the war • 4) Analyze two ways that the Civil War changed the Union

  2. 3) Define the difference between the Contact and Compact theory • Contract Theory- states signed into a contract, if contract is changed, states can secede • Why might southern states feel they can leave the Union? (What is about to change from the contract?) • Compact Theory- the nation is one whole and no one can leave

  3. 4) What was it about slavery that Northerners most opposed to? • Expansion of slavery (into the west) • Whites did not want competition of labor with blacks • Why might people want to hire blacks over whites? IS there another group whites disapprove of for the same reason?

  4. 5) Missouri Compromise • No slavery in La. Territory above 36’30 (designed to keep slavery in the south) • 6) Compromise of 1850 • Issue- whether to allow slavery into areas acquired from Mexico • CA enters union as a free states • Fugitive Slave Law- forces northerners to return runaway slaves • How does this compromise upset the South and North? • S- N gets more power in Senate • N- forced to go against beliefs if anti-slavery

  5. 7) Kansas-Nebraska Act • Repeals the Missouri Compromise • Why does this upset Northerners so much? • Expansion of slavery into an areas it never existed • 8) Bleeding Kansas • Mini- Civil War between anti-slavery forces (free-soilers) and pro-slavery forces in Kansas over issue of slavery • Popular Sovereignty- people of Kansas voted to allow slavery • Problem- Pro-Slavery forces cheated by having voters come from Missouri (Slave State) • Bleeding Kansas erupts from this disputer election

  6. 10) Lincoln-Douglass Debates • Lincoln, Republican- against slavery, runs for Senate seat from Ill., Linclonloses but shows himself to be Presidential material • 11) Harper’s Ferry • Failed slavery revolt lead by white person, John Brown • S. blames Republican Party for leading raid and states it will secede if a Republican/Lincoln wins the Presidency • Election of 1860 • Lincoln wins Pres. by only winning N. states • South feels it has lost all political power and secedes

  7. 13) Fort Sumter • 1st shots of Civil War (Upper South Secedes) • 14) Antietam • Bloodiest day of war, Union wins, Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation (states all slaves in areas of rebellion are free) • How many slaves are free? How does the EP change the nature of the war? • Does not free any slaves but makes the CW a war for freedom (when the South loses, slavery will end) • 15) Gettysburg • Biggest battle of war, South loses 30k troops and will never be as strong again • 16) Vicksburg • Splits the South in Half (Union takes control of Miss. River) • Both battles mean south is on the way to losing the war • 17) Appomattox Courthouse • Gen. Lee (s) surrenders to General Grant (N), Grants allow S. to go home and begin planting (no harsh surrender terms)

  8. 18) Two Key transformations because of CW • Compact Theory- the US is one nation forever, not a collection of states (more power for Federal Government) • Industrialization- North transforms w. factories and will become the richest nation and largest manufacturing nation in world by 1900 • 20) What was extraordinary about the election of 1864? • First election held during a Civil War (election did not have to happen • Lincoln wanted election to be a referendum on slavery (Lincoln winning meant Americans wanted to end slavery- 13th Amendment)

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