1 / 46

Unit 3 Understanding Science

After Reading. Detailed Reading. Before Reading. Global Reading. Unit 3 Understanding Science. Text A Public Attitudes toward Science. After Reading. Detailed Reading. Before Reading. Home. Global Reading. BR_Main. Before Reading. 1.Warm-up Exercises. Journey on the Paper.

luyu
Télécharger la présentation

Unit 3 Understanding Science

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. After Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Global Reading Unit 3 Understanding Science Text A Public Attitudes toward Science

  2. After Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Home Global Reading BR_Main Before Reading 1.Warm-up Exercises Journey on the Paper Brainstorming Clone 2. About the author

  3. Home BR_warm_Journey on the Paper Journey on the Paper Now let’s go on a journey through the most spectacular 100 years in the history of science and technology to have an overview of how our understanding of the world has grown from 1900 to today.

  4. Home BR_warm_Journey -MATTERS - MATTERS OF LIFE AND DEATH -- Medicine and Health Patients battle illness, while doctors can do little more than counsel（劝告）and comfort them and keep them clean. Doctors treat and often cure patients with a vast array (一大批)of medicines and medical technologies, but some diseases are still incurable.

  5. Home BR_warm_Journey -MYSTERIES MYSTERIES OF THE UNIVERSE -- Physics and Astronomy The Milky Way galaxy（星系）(including some unexplained nebular clouds（星云）) is the known universe. Newton’s laws explain the physical world. Matter is composed of atoms. The Milky Way is just one galaxy among countless millions we have observed in the universe. There is no set of laws that explains all phenomena in the physical world, although there are many theories. Atoms are composed of manysubatomic particles, all of which derive from（来自于)energy.

  6. Home BR_warm_Journey- RESEARCH RESEARCH INTO OURSELVES -- Human Behavior There is no cure for the mentally ill, who are confined to insane asylums (精神病院). “Mind” and “body” are thought of as two separate things. Mental illness can be treated with a range of therapies(治疗) and medications. We know a great deal about the chemistry and the parts of the brain that control our behavior and thoughts.

  7. Home BR_warm_Journey- FCB FASTER, CLOSER, BETTER -- Technology Millions worldwide will watch the 2008 Beijing Olympics on television, transmitted instantaneously(瞬间地) by satellite. The news will spread as well by radio, newspaper, and the World Wide Web.

  8. Home BR_warm_Journey -ORIGINS ORIGINS -- Earth and Life Science The plates (板块) that make up the Earth’s crust (地壳) move over time, causing earthquakes and volcanoes. The Earth is known to be 4,500 million years old. The genetic code of DNA, which drives evolution, is better understood every day.

  9. Home BR__warm-Brainstorming-Brainstorm some… Brainstorming 1.Brainstorm some of the scientific and technological inventions. e-mail genetic engineering mobile phone laptop (笔记本电脑) clone nanotechnology (纳米技术) nuclear weapons

  10. Home BR__warm_Brainstorming-Discussion Brainstorming 2.Discussion ? Do all these inventions always change our lives for the better? Give examples to explain your opinion.

  11. Home Discussion BR_warm__Clone-new 1.news Listen to the three pieces of news about clone. News 1 In Feb. 1997 News 3 In Feb. 2003 News 2 In April 1998

  12. Home BR_warm__Clone-new-1 In February 1997 a group of geneticists(遗传学家) led by Ian Wilmut at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, announced that they had cloned a sheep from the mammary gland tissue(乳腺组织) of a six-year-old ewe(母羊), the first time scientists have been able to clone an adult mammal(哺乳动物).

  13. Home BR_warm__Clone-new-2 Dolly, the first-ever mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell, with her first lamb, named Bonnie, is seen at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland in this image on April 23, 1998. Dolly, who was naturally mated at the end of last year with a Welsh Mountain ram（公羊）, gave birth to Bonnie on April 13, proving that despite her unusual origins, she is able to breed normally and produce healthy offspring.

  14. Home BR_warm_Clone-new-3 Dolly, the sheep, the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell, has been put down after she was found to have a lung disease, the Roslin Institute in Scotland’s capital Edinburgh said on Feb 17, 2003. “She was suffering from an incurable disease,” said Dr Harry Griffin, after Roslin released a statement saying the decision had been taken to put Dolly down after she contracted（感染）progressive lung disease.------------------

  15. Close Close Home BR_warm_Clone-Discussion 2. Discussion • Technology is not well developed. It has a low fertility rate（出生率）. In cloning Dolly, 277 eggs were used, 30 started to divide, nine induced pregnancy, and only one survived to term (临产). • 2. Clones may be treated as second-class citizens and the unknown psychosocial harm with impacts on the family and society. • 3. Loss of genetic variation. What is your attitude towards clone? • Animals from endangered species could be • cloned to prevent extinction. • 2. Cloning would be a good source for organ and bone marrow (骨髓) transplants. • 3. Sterile （不育的）couples will be able to have offspring who will have either the mother’s or father’s genetic pattern. Clone is a member of a group of organisms or plants produced non-sexually from one ancestor. The suggested ethical and practical arguments both for and against cloning： For: Against:

  16. Home Look at the author of the text. What do you know about Stephen Hawking? What are his achievements?

  17. Chronology of Stephen Hawking --1942 Born in Oxford University --1958 Entered Oxford University and became especially interested in thermodynamics（热力学）, relativitytheory, and quantum mechanics （量子力学）. --1962 Received a bachelor’s degree in physics and thenenrolled as a research student in general relativity at the University of Cambridge . --1966 Earned his Ph.D. degree at the University of Cambridge. Stayed at the University of Cambridge to do post-doctoral research. Diagnosed as having Amyotrophic LateralSclerosis (ALS) (肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化). -- 1977 Became a professor of physics. -- 1979 Appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, a post once held by Isaac Newton.

  18. Home 3. Main Achievements singularity (A point in space-time at which the space-time curvature（曲率）becomes infinite.) black hole (A region of space-time from which nothing, not even light, can escape. Nothing can escape because gravity is so strong.) A Brief History of Time (One of his books to make his work accessible to the public.)

  19. After Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Home Global Reading Global Reading 1. Chart Completion 2. Part Division of the Text 3. Further Understanding For Part I Questions and Answers For Part 2 Skimming For Part 3 True or False

  20. Home GR_1. Chart Completion 1. Chart Completion Fill in the chart by comparing the first 10 lines of both All the Cabbie Had Was a Letter and Public Attitudes toward Science to see the style differences between narration and exposition. Simple or compound sentences? Any passive voice? Any dialogue? Any 3rd-person narrator? shorter no no yes yes longer longer

  21. Home GR_2. Part Division of the Text 2. Part Division of the Text Parts Lines Main Ideas The public needs education in science so as to make informed decisions on their own fate. 1 1~32 The ways to educate the public are detailed. 33~62 2 Human civilization will survive if the public understands science well. 69~67 3

  22. Home GR_3. Further Understanding–part1-1 3. Further Understanding For Part I Questions and Answers 1.What is the attitude of some people towards the changes brought about by science and technology? Some people would like to stop these changes and go back to what they see as a purer and simpler age. 2.What was life like before science and technology began to change our way of life? For the vast majority of the population, life was nasty, brutish, and short.

  23. Home GR_3. Further Understanding–part1-2 3. Further Understanding For Part I Questions and Answers 3.What would happen if all government money for research were cut off? The force of competition would still bring about advances in technology if all government money for research were cut off. 4.Is it possible to prevent science and technology from further development? Why or why not? No. The only way to prevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything new, and human initiative and inventiveness are such that even this would not succeed.

  24. Home GR_3. Further Understanding–For Part 2 Skimming 3. Further Understanding For Part 2 Skimming Skim part 2 to find out a mini-exposition. Topic sentence: How to educate the public in science? Supporting point 1: science education in schools Supporting point 2: replacing equations with words and diagrams making use of popular media such as newspapers, magazines and above all TV Supporting point 3:

  25. Home GR_3. Further _For Part 3 True or False 3. Further Understanding For Part 3 True or False 1.Our civilization is more advanced than other alien civilizations according to the joke. ( ) T 2.We have not been contacted by an alien civilization because of the insufficient development of the science and technology. F ( ) 3.The author has had sufficient evidence to prove that the joke is wrong. F ( )

  26. We have not been contacted by an alien civilization because any alien civilization tends to destroy themselves when they reach our stage. Home GR_3. Further _For Part 3 True or False 3. Further Understanding For Part 3 True or False 1.Our civilization is more advanced than other alien civilizations according to the joke. ( ) 2.We have not been contacted by an alien civilization because of the insufficient development of the science and technology. F ( ) 3.The author has had sufficient evidence to prove that the joke is wrong. F ( )

  27. The author has not had sufficient evidence, but he believes that the good sense of the public might prove the joke is wrong. Home GR_3. Further _For Part 3 True or False 3. Further Understanding For Part 3 True or False 1.Our civilization is more advanced than other alien civilizations according to the joke. ( ) T 2.We have not been contacted by an alien civilization because of the insufficient development of the science and technology. F ( ) 3.The author has had sufficient evidence to prove that the joke is wrong. F ( )

  28. After Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Home Global Reading Detailed Reading

  29. Home Line 10 Nor can one prevent further advances in the future. • Nor is put at the beginning of the sentence, so the sentence is reversed. • For example: • I would not go. Nor would I want you to go. • He did not admit. Nor did he deny it.

  30. Home Line 15 The only way to prevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything new, and human initiative and inventiveness are such that even this wouldn’t succeed. • 唯一能阻止进一步发展的办法或许是一个压制任何新事物的全球政府，但人类的进取心与创造力如此旺盛，即使这个政府也不会成功。 • His manner was such that he would offend everyone he met. • The nature of the job was such that he felt obliged to tell no one about it.

  31. Home Line 23 At the moment, the public is in two minds about science. It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of living that new developments in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because it doesn’t understand it. • What does it refer to? • 目前，公众对科学存在矛盾之心。公众期望科技新发现带来的生活水准的稳定提高继续，但又怀疑科学，因为他们不懂科学。

  32. Home Line 27 This distrust is evident in the cartoon figure of the mad scientist working in his laboratory to produce aFrankenstein. • This is a horror film about a doctor who builds a monster out of dead body parts and brings it to life using electricity, based on the novel by Mary Shelley.

  33. Home Line 43 …Einstein’s famous equation, E=mc² Albert Einstein Quiz Do the quiz to see how much you know about Albert Einstein. In his effort to discover the governing laws of the universe, Einstein tried to find a mathematical relationship between two natural forces. What are they? ___________________ D A. Electromagnetism and gravitation. B. Fission（裂变）and gravity. C. Electricity and the speed of light. D. Nuclear energy and electromagnetism.

  34. Home Monologue Albert Einstein (1879~1955) I was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879. As you may know, 1905 was a big year for me. That’s when I turned the world upside down, at least for scientists, with several new ideas. I proposed that space and time had to be looked at in a whole new way -- that Newton’s view of space and time was inaccurate. These ideas became known as the special theory of relativity and introduced the equation E=mc2. Ten years later I presented the general theory of relativity. The general theory showed that gravity is not a force, as Newton had thought. It is instead a curvature（曲率） of the space-time continuum.

  35. Home BR_Background- 2. Albert Einstein -Do You Know?-1 Do You Know? • Einstein could not find a job in physics upon graduating • from college, and became a technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office. He worked on theoretical physics in his spare time. 2. Einstein did not receive a Nobel Prize for his theory of relativity. 3. Einstein immediately left Germany for the United States following Hitler’s rise to power.

  36. Home BR_Background-3. Do You Know?-2 Do You Know? 4. Einstein spent much of his later career searching for a unified field theory, but was unsuccessful. 5. Einstein declined the presidency of the state of Israel when it was offered to him in 1952 by state leaders. 6. The element einsteinium（锿）, discovered in 1952, was named in honor of Albert Einstein.

  37. After Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Home Global Reading After Reading 1. Antonyms 2. Useful Expressions 3. Summary Writing 4. Dictation 5. Writing Practice 6. Proverbs and Quotations

  38. Home Antonyms Try to find out the antonyms of the following words, sometimes by adding affixes. 1.minority 2.nasty 3.global 4.informed 5.relevant 6.qualitative 7.sufficient 8.responsible 9.likely 10.precise quantitative majority pleasant insufficient local irresponsible uninformed unlikely imprecise irrelevant

  39. 在过去的一百年里 2 享有特权的少数人 5 Turn the clock back 9 Inquiring minds 14 减慢变化速度 18 在民主社会里 21 犹豫不决 24 酸雨 34 温室效应 核武器 基因工程 Learn by rote 37 Precise values quantities 46 A small proportion of the population 56 外星文明 64 In the last hundred years A privileged minority 倒退 探求的心灵 Slow down the rate of change In a democratic society In two minds about Acid rain Greenhouse effect Nuclear weapons Genetic engineering 死记硬背 精确的数值 一小部分人 Alien civilization Home Useful expressions

  40. ___________ ____________ ________ ________ _________ ___________ Home AR_3.Summary Writing Summary Writing Science and technology （已带来了巨大的变化） to the world we live in in the last hundred years. （如何保证）that the changes are in the right directions? Clearly, the public needs （科学教育） so as to （作出明智的决定） on their own fate. Schools are important, especially if science is taught （以一种有趣的方式）, and scientific concepts are expressed （用文字和图表来表达） . At the same time, we need （充分利用） popular media such as newspapers, magazines and above all TV to（了解最新的发展） . Human civilization can survive if the public understands science well. have brought great changes ____________ How to ensure education _____________________ in science make informed decisions ____________________ in an interesting manner in the form of words and ________ full use of _____________________________ put across the latest developments

  41. Home AR_5. Dictation-1 Dictation The following paragraph is about the brain and the language learning. When you’re listening, you’re required to fill in the gaps with the words you hear.

  42. Home AR_5. Dictation-2 Dictation Scientists hope that if we can how the works, we will be able to put it to a use. For example, how do we learn language? Man most from all the other in his to learn and use language, but we still do not know how this is done. Scientist are trying to find out there is something about the way we teach language to children which in fact children from learning . brain discover better differs animals ability exactly whether prevents sooner

  43. Home AR_ 6. Writing Practice-1 Writing Practice Write a paper of about 80 words entitled Should cloning of human beings be banned? Your paper should cover the following points. 1.Your opinion on cloning of human beings. 2. Give supporting evidence. 3. Use to begin with, secondly, thirdly and finallyto connect all the evidence.

  44. Home AR_ 6. Writing Practice-2 Writing Practice Model Paper Cloning of human beings should not be banned. Tobegin with, it is probably one of the ways like in vitro (在试管中的) fertilization (授精) to help a couple have a child when they could not have one any other way. Secondly, it will advance our knowledge of how genes direct the development of a single cell embryo (胚胎) into a complex adult. Finally, The ethical problems concerning cloning will be solved gradually by human beings.

  45. Home Proverbs and Quotations • Science has no enemy but the ignorant. • 科学的敌人是愚昧无知。 • Science rests on phenomena. • 科学依据的是自然现象。 • The Golden Rule is that there are no golden rules. -- G. B. Shaw, Irish writer • 真正的金科玉律就是没有金科玉律。--爱尔兰作家萧伯纳 • Even when the experts all agree, they may well be mistaken. -- Bertrand Russell, British logician • 即使所有的专家都一致同意，他们也可能错了。--英国逻辑学家罗素

  46. A Beautiful Mind

More Related