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GAS LAWS

GAS LAWS. GAS THEORY GASES CONSIST OF “HARD” PARTICLES WITH LARGE DISTANCES BETWEEN THE PARTICLES WHEN COMPARING THESE DISTANCES WITH THE VOLUME OCCUPIED BY THE PARTICLES THEMSELVES. GASES ARE COMPRESSIBLE ASSUMED TO BE NO FORCES OF ATTRACTION BETWEEN PARTICLES

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GAS LAWS

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  1. GAS LAWS GAS THEORY GASES CONSIST OF “HARD” PARTICLES WITH LARGE DISTANCES BETWEEN THE PARTICLES WHEN COMPARING THESE DISTANCES WITH THE VOLUME OCCUPIED BY THE PARTICLES THEMSELVES.

  2. GASES ARE COMPRESSIBLE • ASSUMED TO BE NO FORCES OF ATTRACTION BETWEEN PARTICLES • PARTICLES MOVE AT RANDOM VERY RAPIDLY IN CONSTANT MOTION IN STRAIGHT LINES UNTIL A COLLISION OCCURS (BETWEEN ANOTHER PARTICLE OR THE CONTAINER WALL)

  3. GAS VARIABLES AND UNITS OF MEASURE VOLUME (V) – OCCUPIED SPACE MEASURED IN LITERS (L) PRESSURE (P) – FORCE/UNIT AREA EXERTED BY A GAS ON ITS CONTAINER. MEASURED IN METRIC UNITS CALLED KILOPASCALS (kPa)

  4. TEMPERATURE (T) – THE AVERAGE AMOUNT OF KINETIC ENERGY OF A SUBSTANCE. MEASURED IN KELVINS (K). K = CELSIUS + 273 MOLES - # OF PARTICLES. MEASURED IN MOLES (MOL)

  5. GAS LAW EQUATIONS BOYLE’S LAW – FOR ANY GIVEN MASS OF A GAS AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURE, VOLUME VARIES INVERSELY WITH PRESSURE. WORKING EQUATION P1 x V1 = P2 x V2

  6. CHARLES’ LAW – FOR ANY GIVEN MASS OF A GAS AT CONSTANT PRESSURE, VOLUME VARIES DIRECTLY WITH TEMPERATURE. WORKING EQUATION V1 = V2 T1 T2

  7. GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW – PRESSURE VARIES DIRECTLY WITH TEMPERATURE. (VOLUME CONSTANT) WORKING EQUATION P1 = P2 T1 T2

  8. COMBINED GAS LAW – SHOWS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VOLUME, PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE WORKING EQUATION V1 P1 = V2 P2 T1 T2

  9. IDEAL GAS LAW – SHOWS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALL VARIABLES WHERE (n = # OF MOLES) WORKING EQUATION V1 P1 = V2 P2 T1 n1 T2 n2

  10. WHEN YOU CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING VALUES FOR EACH VARIABLE: V = 22.4 L P = 101.3 kPa T = 273 K n = 1 MOL THEN 22.4L x 101.3 kPa = 8.31 LkPa/Kmol 273 K x 1 mol “R” = 8.31 (IDEAL GAS LAW CONSTANT)

  11. SO THE NEW WORKING EQUATION IS: R x T x n = P x V REARRANGING THE EQUATION n = PV ALLOWS US TO RT SOLVE FOR MOLES

  12. SAMPLE PROBLEM: THE PRESSURE ON 2.50 L OF ANESTHETIC GAS CHANGES FROM 105 kPa TO 40.5 kPa. WHAT WILL BE THE NEW VOLUME IF THE TEMPERATURE REMAINS CONSTANT? V1 = 2.50 L P1 = 105 kPa P2 = 40.5 kPa V2 = ? SINCE WE ARE COMPARING VOLUMES AT DIFFERENT PRESSURES, WE USE BOYLE’S LAW TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM

  13. P1 V1 = P2 V2 REARRANGE THE EQUATION TO SOLVE FOR V2 V2 = P1 V1 = 105 kPa (2.50 L) P2 40.5 kPa = 6.48 L

  14. CHECK YOUR ANSWER WITH WHAT BOYLE’S LAW STATES. THE PRESSURE IN THE PROBLEM DECREASED SO WHAT SHOULD HAPPEN TO THE VOLUME?

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