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Understanding Default Judgments and Defendant Default Procedures in Civil Litigation

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A "Defendant in Default" is one who does not respond to a Complaint timely. Although they can still respond before the clerk enters default, the Plaintiff may file a Motion to Strike late responses. For a Request for Entry of Default, specific requirements must be met, including service of summons, passage of response time, and notification to the Defendant. Default judgments consist of Clerk’s Entry of Judgment, typically for simple matters, and Court’s Entry of Judgment, requiring more proof. Various motions can challenge defaults and pleadings, emphasizing the legal procedures involved.

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Understanding Default Judgments and Defendant Default Procedures in Civil Litigation

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  1. Default Judgments“Defendant in Default” • Any defendant who fails to timely file a response to a Complaint is considered to be a “Defendant in Default” • Defendant in Default can still file a response in the action until the Court clerk has entered the default • Plaintiff may file a Motion to Strike a late response

  2. Request for Entry of Default by Court Clerk • A written request made by the Plaintiff, within 10 days after the expiration of the time for Defendant to file a responsive pleading, seeking entry of default

  3. Request for Entry of Default Requirements • Request for Entry of Default official form • Complaint and summons properly served • Time for response passed • No response filed • Declaration telling Court Plaintiff sent Defendant copy of Request • Other procedures depending on case type

  4. Default Judgment • Entry of Default vs. Default Judgment • Two types: Clerk’s Entry of Judgment and Court’s Entry of Judgment

  5. Clerk’s Entry of Judgment • Simple matters not requiring judicial analysis • Examples: collection cases, actions arising out of contracts with fixed and determinable amounts of money

  6. Court’s Entry of Judgment • All other matters

  7. “Prove-Up” Requirements for Court’s Entry of Judgment • Request for Entry of Judgment Default Form • Proof of prima facie case • Case Summary • Interest computations • Memorandum of Costs • Proposed Form Judgment • Dismissal of all Does • Affidavit of Non-Military Service

  8. Challenging Default Judgments/Entries of Default • Motion to Lift Default • Grounds for relief: “mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect” • Fault of attorney • Fault of party

  9. Attacking the Pleading • Demurrer • Motion to Strike • Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings

  10. Demurrers • Applies to Complaints and Cross-Complaints • Same time to respond as if filing answer • Based on law, not facts; tests the legal sufficiency of the Complaint/Cross-Complaint • Motion rules apply • Mailed to opponent, filed with Court

  11. Motions to Strike • Used to attack entire pleading or parts of the pleading • Used to attack complaint, answer, cross-complaint, or demurrer • Used to attack pleadings on grounds demurrer cannot reach • Judged only on the face of the pleadings

  12. Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings • Same as Demurrer, but used after time has lapsed for Defendant to file Demurrer • Same rules as for Demurrers • Court only looks at face of challenged pleading • Often based on lack of jurisdiction • Same Motion/format procedures

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