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Chapter 35

Chapter 35. A Time of Ferment Imperialism and Politics 1901–1916. America’s Colonies. Annexing the Philippines McKinley had annexed Fought a bloody insurrection William Howard Taft was first governor Great success Light handed 1916 Philippine Autonomy Act Puerto Rico Foraker Act (1900)

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Chapter 35

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  1. Chapter 35 A Time of Ferment Imperialism and Politics1901–1916

  2. America’s Colonies • Annexing the Philippines • McKinley had annexed • Fought a bloody insurrection • William Howard Taft was first governor • Great success • Light handed • 1916 Philippine Autonomy Act • Puerto Rico • Foraker Act (1900) • People elected lower house • Upper house appointed • Appointed governor • Exempt from tariff • 1917 given citizenship • Guam and Samoa run by U.S. Navy

  3. American Empire • Imperialism • Expanding American influence • Roosevelt sent Great White Fleet on tour • Open Door to China • Great Britain opposes partitioning China • U.S. can benefit from Chinese trade • John Hay proposes Open Door policy • Boxer Rebellion • Respects territorial integrity in China

  4. American Empire (cont’d) • Yanqui Imperialismo • Put demands on Cuba before will leave • Platt Amendment • Guantanamo Bay naval base • Right to intervene • Established concept of American intervention in Latin America • Greatly resented

  5. American Empire • Panama Canal • French company has rights to build canal in Panama • Company unsuccessful building canal • Company lobbies Congress • U.S. opts for Panama route instead of Nicaragua • Hay-Herran Treaty with Colombia • Colombian government resists canal treaty • Roosevelt creates revolution in Panama • Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty • U.S. negotiates canal treaty with new nation of Panama

  6. American Empire • Monroe Doctrine invoked in Venezuelan crisis in 1902 • Roosevelt sees U.S. as dominant in Western Hemisphere • Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine • Claiming right to intervene to protect • Interventions • 1905 Dominican Republic • 1905 Honduras • 1905 Panama • 1912 Nicaragua • Occupations • 1906-09 Cuba • 1912-1925 Nicaragua • 1915-1934 Haiti • 1916-1924 Dominican Republic • Creates image as bullies

  7. Unhappy Presidency of William Howard Taft • Election 1908 • Roosevelt’s support wins nomination for Taft • Taft dislikes politics • Taft does support Roosevelt’s reforms • Democrats run William Jennings Bryan • Socialists losing appeal due to reforms • Taft wins • Taft signs Payne-Aldrich Act • Act angers progressives with high tariffs • Taft sees the measure as compromise

  8. Unhappy Presidency of William Howard Taft (cont.’d) • Taft’s blunders • Taft sides with Joe Cannon in political dispute • Cannon enemy of progressives • Progressives break away from Taft • Breakaway Republicans: “insurgents” • Roosevelt returns • Taft angers Chief Forester Gifford Pinchot • Pinchot protests to Roosevelt • Roosevelt returns to U.S. • Roosevelt advocates New Nationalism

  9. Unhappy Presidency of William Howard Taft (cont.’d) • Roosevelt seeks Republican nomination • Taft controls Republican convention • Taft wins nomination • Roosevelt starts Progressive “Bull Moose” Party

  10. Woodrow Wilson’s Progressivism • Democratic hopeful of victory with Republican split • Democratic candidate must have support of South • Democratic candidates • William Jennings Bryan • Oscar Underwood • Judson Harmon • Woodrow Wilson wins nomination • Originally from South, practices law • Earns Ph.D., becomes president of Princeton • Becomes governor of New Jersey • “Good Government” progressive

  11. Woodrow Wilson’s Progressivism (cont.’d) • Campaign of 1912 • Wilson: New Freedom • Roosevelt: New Nationalism • Taft: conservative choice • Wilson wins due to Republican split • Tariffs and taxes • Wilson appeals to people for lower tariff • Underwood-Simmons bill lowers tariffs • New income tax makes up lost revenue

  12. Woodrow Wilson’s Progressivism (cont.’d) • Federal Reserve Act of 1912 • Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 • Federal Trade Commission • Wilson changes directions • Wilson adopts more progressive reforms • Federal Farm Loan Act, 1916 • Keating-Owen • Adamson Act

  13. Discussion Questions • Explain how American came to have an empire. Is American imperialism justified? Why or why not? • Explain and describe the impact of the Monroe Doctrine on U.S. foreign policy and Roosevelt’s Corollary. • What was unusual about the 1912 Election? Who won, who lost, and why? • Compare and contrast Wilson’s New Freedom with TR’s New Nationalism. Which parts of New Nationalism did Wilson eventually adapt to his programs?

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