Chapter 35

1. Chapter 35 0 Plant Structure and Growth

2. What is one result of an organism having meristems? • a rapid change from juvenile to adult state • a seasonal change in leaf morphology • a rapid change from a vegetative state to a reproductive state • indeterminate, life-long growth • production of a fixed number of segments during growth

3. One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that • only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem. • the cells of roots have cell walls that are lacking in leaf cells. • a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent in roots. • vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves. • leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not.

4. A short branch was cut into three segments, as shown in this figure, to root some cuttings. Roots will form at which position(s)? * • A only • A and B • A, B, and C • A, C, and E • A, B, C, D, and E

5. While studying the plant Arabidopsis, a botanist finds that an RNA probe produces colored spots in the sepals of the plant. From this information, which information can be inferred? • The differently colored plants will attract different pollinating insects. • The RNA probe is transported only to certain tissues. • The colored regions were caused by mutations that took place in the sepals. • The RNA probe is specific to a gene active in sepals. • More research needs to be done on the sepals of Arabidopsis.

6. Which of these statements about human evolution is true? • The ancestors of Homo sapiens were chimpanzees and other apes. • Human evolution has proceeded in an orderly fashion from an ancestral anthropoid to Homo sapiens. • The evolution of upright posture and enlarged brain occurred simultaneously. • Different features have evolved at different rates. • Mitochondrial DNA analysis indicates that modern humans are genetically very similar to Neanderthals.