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Understanding Key Elements and Principles of Good Design

Explore the essential elements and principles that define good design in art and graphic composition. This guide covers the fundamental elements such as texture, value, shape, color, form, line, and space, and explains how they contribute to effective design. We also delve into the principles of design, including movement, rhythm, balance, unity, contrast, emphasis, and proportion. Learn to recognize what makes a design compelling and visually engaging, empowering artists and designers to create impactful works of art.

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Understanding Key Elements and Principles of Good Design

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  1. What Makes a Good Design? The Elements & Principles of Design

  2. Artists (and Graphic Designers) arrange the elements and principles of design to create a work of art, or composition. (source: Markus, Janet, et al. Art Works. Emond Montgomery Publications ltd. Toronto. 2011. p.22)

  3. The Elements of Design: • Texture • Value • Shape • Colour • Form • Line • Space

  4. Texture The surface quality or feel of an object (can be actual / real or simulated).

  5. Value • The lightness or darkness of a non-coloured object (greyscale). e.g. Achromatic scheme.

  6. Shape • An enclosed / defined space. Can be geometric (mathematical: e.g. circle, square, triangle) or organic (from nature).

  7. Colour • Hue – the colour’s name (e.g. red, blue, etc.) • Value – lightness or darkness of a colour • Intensity – brightness or dullness of a colour

  8. Monochromatic • One colour plus tints (white) and shades (black)

  9. Analogous • Side by side colours on the colour wheel.

  10. Complementary • Opposite colours on the colour wheel.

  11. Warm vs. Cool • Warm side of the colour wheel or just use the cool side of the colour wheel.

  12. Form • Like shape, only 3-dimensional. Can also be geometric or organic.

  13. Line • A mark created by a moving point. Can be used to direct the viewer’s eye. E.g. outline, contour, etc.

  14. Space • Can refer to depth (created through foreground vs. background, size, overlapping, etc.) • Negative space – the space around and between shapes / objects in a composition.

  15. The Principles of Design • Movement • Rhythm • Balance • Unity • Contrast • Emphasis • Proportion

  16. Movement • How elements direct the viewer’s eye throughout the piece. It may give a sense of action. In some cases, some parts may actually move.

  17. Rhythm • The repetition or an element which creates a visual beat / pattern.

  18. Balance • Symmetrical – mirror image (across vertical axis)

  19. Balance • Asymmetrical – elements are distributed but different.

  20. Balance • Radial – elements emerge evenly from a central point.

  21. Unity • When the same or similar elements are repeated, it makes everything look like it belongs.

  22. Contrast • When different / opposite elements are used in makes a sense of interest or variety through contrast.

  23. Emphasis • When one particular element dominates or is emphasized over others. This can be created through contrast of size, colour, value or placement / isolation.

  24. Proportion • The size of shapes in relationship with one another. This can create larger or smaller areas of interest within a design.

  25. What makes this a good design? What makes this a good design?

  26. What makes this a good design? What makes this a good design?

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