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Postwar Era

Postwar Era. Global Epidemic. Spring of 1918: Soldiers complain of flu like symptoms Fall of 1918: Influenza Pandemic Epidemic that occurs over large area and affects large portion of population. Terrifying Speed and spread towards civilians

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Postwar Era

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  1. Postwar Era

  2. Global Epidemic • Spring of 1918: Soldiers complain of flu like symptoms • Fall of 1918: Influenza Pandemic • Epidemic that occurs over large area and affects large portion of population. • Terrifying Speed and spread towards civilians • Could kill a person 2-3 days after symptoms start • Strain of influenza disappears (20 million die)

  3. Scientific and Social Theories • Increased people’s feelings that world was frightening. • Sigmund Freud: • Unconscious and not rational minded often controlled the people’s actions. • Explained irrational events in life (WW1; uneasiness). • Scientific Theories: Albert Einstein’s argument: • Even such definite concepts as motion, space, and time were relative. • Values differ greatly in different societies (Not one set of principals is good for all)-Moral Relativism

  4. New Directions in Literature • Oswald Sepngler wrote Decline of the West: • Youth to maturity to old age and then to death • European civilization would disintegrate • Lost Generation • One group of Americans expressed disillusionment • Gertrude Stein: “All of you young people who served in the war, you are all a lost generation.” • Ernest Hemingway: “The Sun Also Rises” • F. Scott Fitzgerald: “The Great Gatsby” • Moral grounding/American Dream

  5. Marcel Proust:“Remembrance of Things Past” • Sensory impressions of disappeared past. • Thomas Mann: “The Magic Mountain” • Moral state of Europe/constant presence of death • Franz Kafka: wrote about surrealism • Conscious and unconscious ideas together to portray in a dreamlike way. Ex: The Castle • James Joyce:wrote “Ulysses” • “stream of consciousness” (records characters mind) • T.S. Eliot: wrote “The Waste Land” • Negative outlook of postwar years • World without faith

  6. Music • Igor Stravinsky:The Rite of Spring • Different instruments playing in different keys at same time. • Arnold Schoenberg: twelve-tone scale instead of eight • Wrote pieces for unusual groups of insturments. • Ex: Quartet for Violin, Clarinet, Tenor Saxophone, and Piano • Industrialized countries had growing number of households with radios. • Jazz: originated in New Orleans (African-Americans) • Swept United States and Europe • Louis Armstrong, Billy Holiday

  7. Painting • Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque: designed Cubism • Geometric designs (cubes flat planes, and spheres). • Example: Half of face in profile and half from the front. • Salvador Dali: Persistence of Memory • Surrealistic painter (objects did not relate to one another) • Dadaists: group that used random images to reflect the insanity of war.

  8. Architecture • Louis Sullivan: Helped develop skyscraper and Fundamentalism: • Building designed for specific use instead of particular style. • Frank Lloyd Wright: buildings should fit in environment. • International Style: • Uninterrupted sheets of steel and glass

  9. Entertainment • Motion pictures were shown in 1910 • By 1920’s, millions of moviegoers (Escape and Entertainment) • Watching sports became popular • Baseball: United States/Japan • Golf: Most of World • Tennis: United States/Europe • Soccer: Europe/Latin America (World Cup 1930) • Olympics grew and athletes became heroes

  10. Consumer Culture • Price of many goods dropped rapidly • Automobiles/Assembly Lines • Advertising through the radio • Buying on Credit (Purchase right away) • Present Moment instead of Future • Flappers: • Short hair and skirts, smoked, went out jazz clubs. • 18th Amendment: Prohibition • making alcoholic beverages illegal.

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