1 / 29

Preliminary Results of Pembina Cardium Core Analysis C.R. Clarkson and N. Solano (PhD Candidate)

© TOC, 2011. T. C. O. Preliminary Results of Pembina Cardium Core Analysis C.R. Clarkson and N. Solano (PhD Candidate). Outline. Objectives Well Locations Sampling and Measurements CT Scans N 2 Adsorption Analysis Comparison to Bakken and 2WS SANS/USANS Future Work. T. C. O. 1.

lynnea
Télécharger la présentation

Preliminary Results of Pembina Cardium Core Analysis C.R. Clarkson and N. Solano (PhD Candidate)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. © TOC, 2011 T C O Preliminary Results of Pembina Cardium Core AnalysisC.R. Clarkson and N. Solano (PhD Candidate)

  2. Outline • Objectives • Well Locations • Sampling and Measurements • CT Scans • N2 Adsorption Analysis • Comparison to Bakken and 2WS • SANS/USANS • Future Work T C O 1

  3. Objectives • Select low-permeability oil reservoir samples from the Cardium Formation to perform preliminary laboratory experiments • Use X-Ray CT Scans to evaluate changes in rock density and porosity and use to evaluate locations for permeability measurements (+ density of measurements) • Use low-pressure adsorption and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS and USANS) to establish pore structure characteristics by facies • To date, only “muddier” intervals have been studied • Establish controls on pore structure variation • Establish relationship between pore structure and permeability 2

  4. Sampling/Measurements • CORES SAMPLED / ANALYZED: • 08-17-049-06W5, CORE #1, BOXES 3 – 13 • 08-04-049-06W5, CORE #4, BOXES 5 – 11 • 04-24-049-07W5, CORE #1, BOX 11; CORE #2, BOXES 1 – 5; CORE #3, BOXES 1 – 4 (FUTURE) • MEASUREMENTS (to date): • Coreplugs taken from 8-17 and sub-sampled for SANS/USANS (discs prepared) at NIST (1/2011) and ORNL (3/2011) • N2 adsorption analysis performed on 8-17 coreplugs for surface area/PSD (8/2011) • 8-17 and 8-4 full-diameter cores were “scout” (CT) scanned to identify locations for axial scans (7/2011) • Axial (CT) scans performed on 8-17 and 8-4 (8/2011) • Pulse-decay permeability measurements performed on 8-17 coreplugs 3

  5. LOCATIONS WITH CORES TO SAMPLE 4-24-49-7W5 08-17-49-6W5 8-4-49-6W5 4 Structure contour map: top of the Cardium SS

  6. 08-17-049-06W5 MD (m) Res CZ Cardium A a b 5

  7. AVAILABLE RCA (Whole core diam.) • Kmax, PHI, GRAIN DENSITY • SANS/USANS (Horizontal disks 10 mm diameter x 1 mm thick) • 3 disks from: 1374.3 m • 5 disks from: 1377.0 m • INTERVALS TO SAMPLE/ANALYZE • CTS: 1364.3 – 1377.8 m • SLABBING: 1364.3 – 1377.8 m • SAND BLASTING: 1364.3 – 1377.8 m • PROBE K: 1364.3 – 1377.8 m • XRF: 1364.3 – 1377.8 m CTS 6

  8. CT Scans 08-17-049-06W5 CT Scans: Scout Scans 1364.3 m Axial scan location 7

  9. Mean porosity= 9.1% Mean porosity= 7.2% Mean porosity= 8.6% Mean porosity= 7.8% Mean porosity= 7.0% Mean porosity= 6.5% 8 Mean porosity= 4.2% Mean porosity= 7.6% Mean porosity= 7.7%

  10. CT Scans 08-17-049-06W5 CT Scans: Scout Scans Axial scan location 1368.96 m 9

  11. Mean porosity= 14.0% Mean porosity= 12.4% Mean porosity= 10.0% Mean porosity= 13.9% Mean porosity= 10.0% Mean porosity= 13.6% 10 Mean porosity= 18.6% Mean porosity= 15.2% Mean porosity= 21.7%

  12. CT Scans 08-17-049-06W5 CT Scans: Scout Scans 1374.59 m Coreplugs Axial scan location 11

  13. Mean porosity= 8.6% Mean porosity= 8.0% Mean porosity= 8.8% Mean porosity= 9.5% Mean porosity= 9.0% Mean porosity= 9.9% 12 Mean porosity= 10.4% Mean porosity= 9.9% Mean porosity= 9.5%

  14. N2 Adsorption/Desorption Isotherms • Shape: qualitative assessment of pore structure • Adsorption/desorption hysteresis: • Type IV isotherms, mesoporous solids (2 nm < d < 50 nm) • Shape of hysteresis loop can be indicative of pore geometry • Interpret isotherm data in terms of surface area (ex. BET Theory) and pore size distributions (ex. BJH Theory) 15

  15. N2 Adsorption/Desorption Isotherms • Similar amounts of adsorption for all samples except D2 • Substantial mesopore volume • Hysteresis loops may be indicative of slit-shaped pores 16

  16. N2 Adsorption/Desorption • More adsorption in Bakken, less in 2WS • Differences in Hysteresis Loop Shape – • pore structure differences? 17

  17. N2 Adsorption/Desorption BJH Analysis (PSD) • Capillary condensation of vapours in mesoporous materials • Uses Kelvin equation to relate vapour pressure to pore size • Can use desorption (convention) or adsorption branch • (Figure) • Step AB: removal of capillary condensate • Step BC: removal of condensate from cores, multi-layer thinning of emptied (larger) pores Desorption analysis using BJH Theory From SPE 147397 18

  18. N2 Adsorption/Desorption BJH Analysis (PSD) • Primarily unimodal pore size (peak ~ 200 – 350 A, desorption) • Artifact at ~ 35 A on desorption curves • Small pore size translates into low permeability (later) 19

  19. N2 Adsorption/Desorption • Cardium-Bakken, similar pore sizes, but • difference in volume • 2WS – less mesoporosity 20

  20. N2 Adsorption/Desorption • Cardium-Bakken, similar pore sizes, but • difference in volume • 2WS – less mesoporosity 21

  21. N2 Adsorption/Desorption BJH Analysis (PSD) • Comparison to Montney tight gas reservoir • Permeability implications From Clarkson et al. AAPG Bulletin, in press 23

  22. N2 Adsorption/Desorption Relationship to Permeability • Can we relate pore structural parameters to permeability (dominant pore size, BET surface area?) • Currently gathering permeability/porosity data for Cardium so plot like the one on the right (Montney TG) can be developed From Clarkson et al. AAPG Bulletin, in press 26

  23. SANS/USANS • In a SANS experiment, a neutron beam is directed at a sample, and the neutrons are elastically scattered due to their interaction with nuclei of atoms in the sample • The scattering vector is related to a characteristic length scale (pore size) in the sample • SANS experiments, combined with USANS, also enable a wide distribution of pore sizes (~ 0.3 nm to ~ 10 μm) to be investigated From Melnichenko et al. (2009) 27

  24. SANS/USANS Analysis 28

  25. SANS/USANS • Similar scattering patterns for all except: • B1 and B2 exhibit a “hump” at large Q, maybe related to composition • Higher scattering intensity generally translates into higher porosity • Slope of linear portion of curves (power-law scattering) is close to -3 • For surface fractal geometry (equivalent pore space is uncorrelated spherical pores), slope is -3 to -4 SANS USANS 29

  26. SANS/USANS SANS/USANS • Comparison to Montney tight gas reservoir • Montney has greater slopes (-3.1 to -3.3) 30

  27. SANS/USANS SANS/USANS Fit of 1102A1 to PDSP model using PRINSAS 31

  28. SANS/USANS SANS/USANS 33

  29. Future Work • Gather profile permeability, XRF and additional pulse-decay permeability data • Relate pore structural information to permeability • Examine compositional and structural controls on porosity and permeability 34

More Related