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A.S.BAKSHI CHIEF ENGINEER (PLANNING WING) CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY

CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF POWER GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. POWER SCENARIO IN INDIA. A.S.BAKSHI CHIEF ENGINEER (PLANNING WING) CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY. POWER SCENARIO.

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A.S.BAKSHI CHIEF ENGINEER (PLANNING WING) CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY

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  1. CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF POWER GOVERNMENT OF INDIA POWER SCENARIO IN INDIA A.S.BAKSHI CHIEF ENGINEER (PLANNING WING) CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY

  2. POWER SCENARIO • POWER or ELECTRICITY critical infrastructural component for multidimensional growth and basic human need • Reliable and quality power at competitive rates to Indian industry - important for global competition. • Clean and Green Sustainable Power – need of the day. • Energy Security

  3. EVOLUTION OF POWER SECTOR

  4. POWER SECTOR-AN OVERVIEW • Electricity - ‘Concurrent Subject’ : joint responsibility of State and Central Governments. • Bulk of transmission and distribution functions with State Utilities. • Private sector - small presence in Distribution and making entry into Transmission.

  5. POWER SECTOR-AN OVERVIEW • Conventional Generation - blend of thermal, hydro and nuclear sources. • Coal based thermal power plants and in some regions hydro power plants - mainstay of electricity generation. • Oil, natural gas and nuclear power accounts for smaller proportion of power. • Emphasis also on non-conventional energy sources i.e. solar, wind, biogas and tidal. • Captive power plants being encouraged to supply surplus power to Grid.

  6. (figs. in MW) GROWTH OF INSTALLED GENERATING CAPACITY IN INDIA 2,24,907 * 1,32,329 1,24,287 1,18,426 1,07,877 1,05,046 81,171 63,636 42,585 28,448 16,664 2,695 9,027 4,653 1,362 * includes Likely capacity Addition of 14000 MW from Renewables during 11th plan period Source: CEA

  7. COUNTRY’S SHARE OF COAL IN TOTAL POWER GENERATION AND INSTALLED CAPACITY OVER YEARS CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF POWER GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Share in % (app.)

  8. ALL INDIA PLF (%) OF THERMAL POWER STATIONS(COAL AND LIGNITE BASED) Source: CEA

  9. MAJOR LEGISLATIVE / POLICY INITIATIVES OF GOVERNMENT • 1998- Electricity Regulatory Commission Act • 1998 - Electricity Laws (Amendment) Act • 2001- Electricity Conservation Act • 2003- Electricity Act • February ,2005- National Electricity Policy • January 2006- National Tariff Policy • August 23, 2006 - Rural Electrification Policy • August 2006- Integrated Energy Policy. • January 2007- Report submitted by Working Group on Power for 11th Plan constituted by Planning Commission. • August,2007 - National Electricity Plan notified.

  10. NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY – THE WAY FORWARD • Access to electricity for all households in next 5 years. • Availability of power on demand to be fully met by 2012 • Energy shortage and peaking shortage to be overcome by providing adequate spinning reserves • Reliability and quality of power to be supplied in efficient manner . • Electricity Sector to achieve financial turnaround and commercial viability • Consumers’ interests to be accorded top priority.

  11. NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY - ENCOURAGING PRIVATE PARTICIPATION • Competition encouraged - to bring significant benefit to consumers • Guidelines for competitive bidding issued by Government in January,2005. • Role of private participation in generation, transmission and distribution to become increasingly critical in view of rapidly growing investment needs. • Central and State Governments to develop workable and successful models for public private partnership. • Special mechanisms to be created to encourage private investment in transmission sector

  12. NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY - ENCOURAGING PRIVATE PARTICIPATION • Private Sector participation in distribution encouraged for achieving requisite reduction in T&D losses and improving quality of service to consumer • Multi Year tariff framework- important structural incentive to minimize risks for utilities and consumers, promote efficiency and rapid reduction of system losses. • Competition through concept of multiple licensees in same area through their independent distribution system

  13. OPEN ACCESS IN TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION • Electricity Act & National Electricity Policy mandates non-discriminatory open access in transmission and, in phases in distribution. • Respective State Regulatory Commissions to facilitative framework for open access. • Well planned and strong transmission and distribution system to ensure optimal utilization of transmission capacities • Would facilitate achieving objective of cost effective delivery of power. • Distribution reform - key to long term sustainability of the power sector.

  14. PRESENT POWER SCENARIO

  15. INSTALLED CAPACITY IN THE COUNTRY (as on 31st August, 2008) TOTAL IC-1,45,627 MW

  16. CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF POWER GOVERNMENT OF INDIA EVOLUTION OF UNIT SIZE OF COAL BASED POWER PLANTS • Largest unit size in 1950-30 MW • First re-heat unit of 82.5 MW in 1966 at Bandel TPS • First 200 MW unit at Obra TPS in 1977 • First 500 MW unit at Trombay in 1984 • Committee constituted by CEA recommended 800 to 1000 MW unit size in future • In 11th Plan 800/660 MW units planned

  17. PREVAILING UNIT SIZES IN INDIA CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF POWER GOVERNMENT OF INDIA 210/250 & 500 MW Units Constitute Over 80% of the Total Capacity

  18. Details of IC of renewable energy sources (As on 31.03.2008)

  19. TRANSMISSION & NATIONAL GRID • Development in a phased manner – commensurate with generation / load growth. • Economy in generation through efficient transmission • Conservation of Right-of-Way • In forest areas with rich flora & fauna, construction of lines with high towers / high voltage rating – leading to reduced forest cutting. • High capacity lines (HVDC & 765 kV)

  20. EVOLUTION OF ELECTRICGRID National Grid Interconnecting Regional Grids with HVDC Shift from Regional self sufficiency concept to National level Planning Regional Grids with ATS of Central Generation 1990s State Grids by SEBs 1970-80s 2000 onwards 1950-60’s Towards National Grid System Local 1950’s

  21. BENEFITS OF NATIONAL GRID Encourage Competition and Choice by facilitating electricity trade 1129 % increase in number of approved transactions in Short-term Open Access at Inter State level 82% increase in volume of energy traded in Short-term Open Access at Inter State level (Contd. ….)

  22. BENEFITS OF NATIONAL GRID (Contd. ….) Security and Reliability enhanced by reduction in number of grid disturbances

  23. Development of Transmission Voltages Levels • 132 kV Highest level at the time of Independence • Iintroduction of 220 kV in 1960 • 400 kV in 1977 • HVDC back-to-back link in 1989, • 500kV, HVDC bi-pole line in 1990 • 765 kV transmission line from 2000 onwards.

  24. Cumulative HT Lines 220 KV and above (in ckm) GROWTH OF HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINKS Source: CEA

  25. Growth Pattern PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITY IN INDIA Source: CEA (Projected) As per UN Methodology (Gross Electrical Energy Availability / Population)

  26. STATUS OF POWER SECTOR • Country facing energy shortage of 9.8% and peak shortage of 16.6% (2007-08). • As per Census 2001, only about 56% of households have access to electricity, with rural access being 44% and urban access about 82%. • Annual per capita consumption about 704 kWh as against world average of about ~2400 KWh.

  27. ACTUAL POWER SUPPLY POSITION OF THE COUNTRY (2007-08)

  28. ACTUAL POWER SUPPLY POSITION OF THE COUNTRY (April,08-August,08)

  29. CAPTIVE POWER • National Electricity Policy stipulates liberal provisions for setting up captive power plants • Installed Capacity if Captive plants- 22,335 MW (10th Plan end) • Open Access to be made effective • Efforts underway to resolve crucial issues, which are • Cess on captive power generation not to be imposed. • Wheeling charges for transfer of surplus power may not exceed 7% of the generation cost within the state.

  30. Captive Power • Very high electricity duty imposed on captive power generation by some states. • Very high cross subsidies surcharge levied by some state. To be brought down • Fixation of reasonable tariff by State Regulatory Commission for surplus power available from CPPs. • To make available additional fuel required by CPPs • SERC’s to promote arrangements between co-generator and concerned distribution licensee for purchase of surplus power from cogeneration plants. • Cont…

  31. MAJOR PROBLEMS OF POWER SECTOR • Inadequate power generation capacity • Lack of optimum utilization of the existing generation capacity • Inadequate inter-regional transmission links • Inadequate and ageing sub-transmission & distribution network Cont..

  32. MAJOR PROBLEMS OF POWER SECTOR • High T&D losses, large scale theft and skewed tariff structure • Slow pace of rural electrification • Inefficient use of electricity by end consumer • Lack of grid discipline

  33. CAPACITY ADDITION PLANNING FOR 11TH AND 12TH PLAN

  34. 10TH PLAN –TARGET AND ACTUAL CAPACITY ADDITION * Thermal -12,114 MW, Hydro – 7,886 MW, Nuclear – 1180 MW

  35. MAJOR REASONS FOR SLIPPAGES FROM 10th PLAN (MW) Total slippage: 21,281MW * Out of a total additional capacity of 8320 MW identified during Mid –Term Review

  36. Major Steps of Integrated approach • Capacity Addition from Conventional fuel based plants complemented by Renewable Energy based plants to extent possible. • National Electricity Plan based on Conventional Energy Sources with priority to Hydro and Nuclear plants • Strategies/ Initiatives being taken/ required to be taken for low carbon growth i.e. Introduction of Clean Coal Technologies (Supercritical Technology, Ultra supercritical technology, IGCC), • Other measures to reduce pollution i.e. Reduction in T&D losses, R&M of Old thermal power projects, Retirement of old and small size generating units, Coal quality improvement

  37. POWER GENERATION - STRATEGY CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF POWER GOVERNMENT OF INDIA POWER GENERATION - STRATEGY • Large emphasis on hydro development. Constraints restricting progress are large gestation period, high capital cost, Issues such as R&R, law & order etc. New Hydro Policy to encourage private participation in hydro power generation. • Limited dependability on gas based capacity - Availability of gas at reasonable rates being a constraint for gas based projects. During 11th Plan only about 6,843 MW gas based capacity envisaged. • Active steps to harness Nuclear energy on a larger scale being taken but contribution minor as yet. • Renewables.

  38. POWER GENERATION - STRATEGY CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF POWER GOVERNMENT OF INDIA POWER GENERATION - STRATEGY • Renewable energy sources to be made economically viable- At present can play dominant role in meeting remote located demands where not economic to extend the grid. • Coal based power projects expected to be main stay of Indian Power Sector for next 50-70 years. Continuous efforts directed at generating maximum energy from each tonne of coal with minimum effect on environment

  39. Development of Hydro Power projects

  40. DEMAND AND CAPACITY REQUIREMENT * Feasible capacity as per latest assessment

  41. CAPACITY ADDITION TARGETTED FOR 11th PLAN (SECTORWISE) Total 78,700 MW

  42. FEASIBLE CAPACITY ADDITION FOR 11th PLAN – 77,070* MW Thermal – 58,183 MW ( Coal – 48,609 MW, Gas- 7,293 MW, Lignite- 2,280 MW) Additional capacity expected : New Renewables – 14,000 MW : Captive – 12,000 MW * Feasible capacity as per latest assessment

  43. 11TH PLAN TARGET AND STATUS 10th Plan capacity addition only 21,180 MW. About 11,000 MW slippages due to causes attributable to equipment suppliers and contractors. 11th Plan – 77,070 MW - 11,404 MW capacity already commissioned (Till date) - 65,666 MW (83%) under construction - 85% hydro capacity under construction - Coal Linkage available for 96% of projects - All gas based projects under execution or gas tied up from local sources Additional 3,720 MW thermal projects under best effort category. Additional 13,000 MW gas based projects if gas available at reasonable price

  44. INTERNATIONAL CONCLAVE ON KEY INPUTS • On 4th-5th July,2007 organized by CBIP/MoP/CEA. • Purpose-To discuss issues to be addressed to ensure timely Implementation of projects during 11th Plan and beyond .

  45. MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE ADDRESSED • Manufacturing Capability/ Availability of Main Plant and Balance Of Plant Equipment • Constraints in supply of main equipment for thermal capacity as well as in supply of balance of plant like Coal Handling plant, Water treatment plants, Ash Handling, CW Pumps etc. • Need to develop additional domestic players to adequately meet additional demand and promote competition.

  46. MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE ADDRESSED • Construction and Erection Agencies & Equipment • Augmentation required in number of construction agencies undertaking Civil & E&M works at power plants - Limited contractors in erection of cooling towers, Chimneys , tunneling, dam construction etc. • Serious efforts needed by major power companies to develop vendors for supply and erection of equipment and for taking up civil construction. • New technologies and Use of latest construction machinery for hydro projects required for fast progress in construction.

  47. MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE ADDRESSED • Fuel Availability • Requirement of coal for 11th Plan – 550 MT; 40 MT equivalent of 68 MT of Indian coal to be imported • Requirement of gas (90% PLF) – 89 MMSCMD; Availability at present- 36 MMSCMD; gas not sufficient • Transportation for fuel and equipment • Establishment of new rail links for coal evacuation from coal mining blocks • Railways, Coal , MoP to formulate Fuel Supply Transport Agreement

  48. MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE ADDRESSED • Transmission & Distribution Equipment • Need for capacity building for transmission and distribution system including supply of equipment and execution of works - Substantial augmentation inmanufacturing capacity of transformers; Need for indigenous manufacturing capacity for 765 KV voltage level equipment, increasing test facilities, online test facilities and mobile repair facilities. • Strengthening of erection and commissioning teams and development of new vendors • Increase in demand of CRGO • Shortage of indigenous materials and Equipment viz. meters, single phase distribution transformers and switchgears, OLTC and bushings. • Franchisees to be developed in rural areas and local community to be trained. • More agencies required for turnkey execution of projects. • Installation of LT Capacitors to be speeded up.

  49. MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE ADDRESSED • Critical Key Inputs • To encourage domestic steel producers for production of CRGO • Advanced planning for material to be imported • CRGO to be exempt from custom duty • Detailed analysis by Planning Commission to assess requirement of various key input considering requirement of all sectors of economy • Manpower Development & Training • CEA has taken up with project developers and major EPC contractors to adopt ITI in vicinity of projects to build up skilled manpower pool for Power Sector to be utilized by them. • Quick implementation of National Training Policy’s recommendation -allocation of separate funds of 1.5% of salary budget - gradually increase to 5% for meeting training needs • Man power requirement during 11th Plan is 1 Million for Construction and O& M

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