Greek and Latin Roots and Stems Mrs. Mulhern GVHS
Lesson Objectives • Students will understand the importance of studying Greek and Latin roots and stems. • Students will compare and contrast positive and negative connotations of words. • Students will decipher unfamiliar words using context clues and their knowledge of roots and stems.
Why do we study roots and stems? • Roots and stems are parts of words. • By knowing what the parts of an unfamiliar word mean, we are more likely to be able to figure out the meaning of the word. Stem auto = self Root bio = life Stem graphy = write / written
Etymology • What do you think the word etymology means??? • Are there any familiar parts of the word? • logy/ology: the study or science of
Etymology • Etymology is the study of the history of words, where they are from, and how they have changed over time. • The English language is a melting pot of many different languages. • Many of our words have origins in Greek and Latin.
Etymology Practice • Number 1-26 on a piece of scratch paper. • Try to figure out the meanings of as many of the following words as you can. Hint: think of other words that contain the same roots and stems as these words. Atheism Antiphony Symbiosis Bibliophile Phiology Hypodermic Polygamy Biannual Androgynous Biped Patriarch Anthropocentric Democracy Pedogogy Cephalopod Phonics Hemophiliac Heliocentric Terrarium Hydrocephalus Chronological Matricide Pyromaniac Theocracy Monochromatic Apathetic
Denotation and Connotation • A word’s denotation is its dictionary definition. • What is the denotation of the word “summer”? • A word’s connotation is the emotional response (positive or negative) you experience when you hear a word. • What are some of the connotations you think of when you hear the word “summer”?
Positive and Negative Connotations
Unit 1: Directions(#1-40)
Roots and Stems #1-10 • circum: around • cyclo: circle • extra, ultra: beyond • inter: between • intro: into • ex: out • un, il, im, in: not • macro, mega: large • micro: small • medi, meso: middle
Roots and Stems #11-20 • meta, muta: change • morph: shape, form • epi: on • endo, intra: within • dis: away • flu: flow • fract, rupt: break • grad: step, go • ortho: straighten • dia, trans: across
Roots and Stems #21-30 • de: down • fer, gest, phor, port: carry • ject: throw • junct: join • act, fic, fice: do, drive, make • anti, an, a, contra: against • co, con, com, comp, sym, syn: together, with • pre, pro: before • post: after • clud, clus: close
Roots and Stems #31-40 • sub, hypo: under • super, sur, hyper: over • infra: below • vert, flex, flect: turn, bend • lat: side • loco: place • tele: far • para, peri: beside, near • re: again • retro: backward
Unit 2: People and Society #41-80
Roots and Stems #41-50 • demo, soc, pop: people • psych: mind, spirit • path: feeling • logo: thought, logic, reason • etho: morals, ethics • bio, vit, viv: life • dei, theo: God, religion • cred, fid: believe • cogn, sci: know • amor, phil, phile: love
Roots and Stems #51-60 • phobia: fear • soph: wisdom • ver: truth • psuedo: false • aristo: best born • ethno: race or culture • urb: city • rur: country • greg: group • dict, logue, loq: say, speak
Roots and Stems #61-70 • clam: cry out • dorm, somn, hypn: sleep • spec, vis, vid, scop: see, look • audi, son, phon: hear, sound • photo, phos, lum: light • voc: voice • cant: sing • fem, femin, gyn: woman • andro: male • anthro, anthrop, hum: human being
Roots and Stems #71-80 • ego, auto: self, I • dom, arch, cracy, crat, gov, reg: rule • patr, pater: father • mater, matri: mother • frat: brother • soror: sister • gam: marriage • ped: child • ism: system or doctrine • ist: one who
Unit 3: Nature #81-100
Roots and Stems #81-90 • zo, faun: animal • herb: plant • avi, ornith: bird • bov: cow or oxen • can: dog • fel: cat • saur: lizard • flor: flower • astr, stel, cosmo: outer space, stars, universe • aqua, hydro, mar: water
Roots and Stems #91-100 • agri, agro: field, crop • terr, geo: land, Earth • therm: heat • flam, pyro, ign: fire • fum: smoke • heli, helio: sun • luna: moon • itis, patho: disease • nat: born, birth • mort, necro: death
Unit 4: Parts of the Body #101-120
Roots and Stems #101-110 • manu: hand • cephal, cephalo, cap: head • neuro: brain, nerve • emia, hema: blood • derm: skin • cor, cour, cardio: heart • vascu, spir: lungs and breathing • corp, som: body • brac: arm • opt, ocul: eye
Roots and Stems #111-120 • dent, dont: teeth • lingu: tongue • bronch: throat • ped, pod: foot • osteo: bone • carn: flesh • ovi: egg • tact, tang, sens: touch, feel • kin: motion • aholic: addicted
Unit 5: Numbers & Measurement #121-150
Roots and Stems #121-130 • num: number • gen: origin • chron, temp: time • meter: measure • uni, mono, solo, sol: one • du, bi, di: two • tri: three • tetra, quad: four, fourths • cinc, cinq, pent, quin: five • hex: six
Roots and Stems #131-140 • hepta, septa: seven • oct: eight • nona: nine • deca: ten • cent: 100 • milli: 1000 • enni, ann: year • demi, sem, semi, hemi: half • poly: many • omni, pan: all
Roots and Stems #141-150 • olig: few • amphi: both • neo, nov: new • ult, fin: last, end • freq: often • sect: cut • sequ, secu: follow • vac: empty • gram, graph, scrib: written • logy, ology: study or science of
Unit 6: Miscellaneous #151-168
Roots and Stems #161-168 • homo: same • hetero: different • idio: peculiar • tox: poison • ish, oid: like or resembling • mania: madness • ness: quality • pac: peace
Roots and Stems #151-160 • nym, nom: name • eu, bene, bon: good • bel, bele, mal, mis: bad • chrom: color • curs, curr: run • biblio: book • leg: read • brev: short • grav: heavy • struct: build
