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Understanding Soil: Horizons, Formation Factors, Types, and Fertility Principles

Dive into the intricate world of soils with a focus on soil horizons, their diagnostic properties such as texture, structure, and color. Explore the major factors influencing soil formation outlined by Jenny (1951), including climate, biota, parent material, slope, and time. Learn about the various soil types, their characteristics, and physical properties, including Inceptisols, Mollisols, and Oxisols. Finally, understand soil fertility, the role of fertilizers like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in enhancing plant growth and health.

macey-barnes
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Understanding Soil: Horizons, Formation Factors, Types, and Fertility Principles

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  1. Getting Dirty withSOILS

  2. Why Care?

  3. Why Care?

  4. I. Soil Profilethe horizons……OABCR

  5. R

  6. E

  7. Diagnostic properties (B horizon) • Texture • Structure • Color

  8. Texture

  9. Structure

  10. Diagnostic properties (B horizon) • Texture • Structure • Color

  11. Munsell Color Chart

  12. R

  13. Soils II. Major Factors Controlling Soil Formation (from Jenny, 1951)

  14. Soils II. Major Factors Controlling Soil Formation (from Jenny, 1951) A. Climate

  15. Soils II. Major Factors Controlling Soil Formation (from Jenny, 1951) A. Climate B. Biota

  16. Soils II. Major Factors Controlling Soil Formation (from Jenny, 1951) A. Climate B. Biota C. Parent material

  17. Soils II. Major Factors Controlling Soil Formation (from Jenny, 1951) A. Climate B. Biota C. Parent material 1. Residual soils vs. Transported soils

  18. Soils II. Major Factors Controlling Soil Formation (from Jenny, 1951) A. Climate B. Biota C. Parent material D. Slope

  19. Soils II. Major Factors Controlling Soil Formation (from Jenny, 1951) A. Climate B. Biota C. Parent material D. Slope E. Time

  20. III. Major Soil Types

  21. III. Major Soil Types A. Method: non genetic, based solely on physical properties

  22. III. Major Soil Types A. Method: non genetic, based solely on physical properties

  23. III. Major Soil Types A. Method: non genetic, based solely on physical propertiesB. Soil Types (Orders)there are 12 total…..we will examine some of these.

  24. Inceptisols Mollisols Ultisols Oxisols Aridisols Vertisols Soil Orders

  25. Inceptisol Found on steep hillslopes and floodplains

  26. Ultisols Common in forested areas

  27. Oxisol Common in the tropics

  28. Mollisol Common in prairie environments

  29. Vertisol

  30. Aridisols

  31. IV. Synthesis of Climate, Time, and Parent Material

  32. V. Soil FertilityA. Fertilizers 5 – 10 - 5

  33. V. Soil FertilityA. Fertilizers 5 – 10 – 5N P K

  34. V. Soil FertilityA. FertilizersNitrogen

  35. V. Soil FertilityA. FertilizersNitrogen * darker, stronger leaves

  36. V. Soil FertilityA. FertilizersNitrogen * darker, stronger leaves * helps with uptake of other nutrients

  37. V. Soil FertilityA. FertilizersPhosphorous

  38. V. Soil FertilityA. FertilizersPhosphorous * strengthens stems and roots

  39. V. Soil FertilityA. FertilizersPhosphorous * strengthens stems and roots * enhances flowering, and seed production

  40. V. Soil FertilityA. FertilizersPhosphorous * strengthens stems and roots * enhances flowering, and seed production * increases plant’s resistance to certain diseases

  41. V. Soil FertilityA. FertilizersPotassium (Potash)

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