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Hoofed Mammals. Chapter 7. Peccary Family: Tayassuidae. Collared Peccary( Pecari tajacu ). Behavior:. Also called: Mexican Hog. Live up to groups of one to 20 individuals Diurnal- might be nocturnal(Active at night) or active primarily during twilight or dusk or dawn)
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Hoofed Mammals Chapter 7
Collared Peccary(Pecaritajacu) Behavior: Also called: Mexican Hog • Live up to groups of one to 20 individuals • Diurnal- might be nocturnal(Active at night) or active primarily during twilight or dusk or dawn) • Sleep at night in burrows often under the roots of trees • If feel threated, they defend themselves with there long tusks which they sharpen themselves. . Range: • North, South and South America • Live in Deserts, Scrublands, tropical, Subtropical, grasslands • Notable population are known in suburbs of Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona
Physical: • 20-24 inches tall at the shoulder and about 1-1.5 inches long(40-60 inches) • Weight- 14-31 kg / 31-68 lb. • They have a brown, black coat that is bristly Food: • Fruit • Roots • Tuber(potatoes, onions) • Palm nuts • Grasses • Small vertebrates • Tulip bulbs • Eggs • Carrion
Reproduction: • Gestation Period: 141-151 days. • Young per Birth: 1-5 • Weaning: At 2-3 months. • Sexual Maturity: females at 8-14 months, males at 11 months. • Life span: 24 years
White-Lipped Peccary(Tayassupecari) Behavior: • Can give birth to two peccaries at a time • Live in herds up to 20-300 individuals • Predators- Jaguar, Puma, Boa Constrictors • It performs all its actions at night • When feel threated they will let off a loud “bark” and show there teeth to avoid conflict Range: • Central and South America • Dry Savannas, Humid Tropical Rain Forest
Physical: • White marking below snout to the cheek • Brown and Black- Bristly Hairs running down the spine growing longer than the sides and forming an crest which is raised when the peccary becomes excited. • When standing up they get excited • Adult weight: 25-40 kg • Head- Dark Brown which makes the white marking around the jaw stand out Food: • Fruit Nuts • Vegetation • Small Amounts of animal matters
Reproduction: • Gestation period: 156-162 days • Litter size: 2, sometimes 1 or 3. • Weaning: By 6 months. • Sexual maturity: Between 1 and 2 years of age. • Life span: Up to 13 years. • Babies weight over 1kg when born • Babies- Reddish Brown, with a dark stripe running down there backs • Just before birth, the female leaves the group giving birth alone in a cave. After one day she then rejoins the group.
Chacoan peccary(Catagonuswagneri) Behavior: • Travel in herds up to 20 • Communicate ranging from using there grunts to chattering the teeth • Love to charge things and bit things • Produce a milk, that is used for marking trees, shrubs, and similar objects • Bath in the mud or dust Range: • Gran Chaco of Paraguay, Bolivia and Northern Argentina
Physical: • Well know for its rough leathery snout • The bristle-like fur is generally brown to almost gray • A dark stripe runs across the back, and white fur is on the shoulders. • Longer ears, snout, tail • Three Hind Toe • Sprays secretions from their dorsal glands • Young are generally born between the months of September and December, but litters have been found almost year-round • Weight- 30-43 kg / 66-95 lb. Food: • Cacti • Flowers • Seeds • Fruit Nuts • Anything they can get there mouth on
Reproduction: • Gestation Period: 5 months. • Young per Birth: 1-4 • Sexual Maturity: Minimum breeding age is thought to be 3 years. • Most births occur between September and November.
Bison American Bison Family - Bovidae Genus - Bison
Physical Features • Height 6 – 6.5 ft. at shoulder • Length 10 – 12.5 ft. • Weight 900 – 2000 lbs., males are just a smidge larger than females. • Lifespan is about 18 – 22 years and in captivity they live to be about 30 years old. • They have a long, shaggy, dark brown winter coat and during summer the buffaloes coat is not as heavy and lighter brown.
Range • Bison once roamed across the great planes until they started to go extinct. Now they are mostly found in national and protected parks around the eastern United States.
This bison is what you would call a keystone species, meaning an ecosystem may experience a dramatic shift if a keystone species is removed, the bison helped shape the Great Planes to what they look like today.
Fun Fact! • Trails carved by animals like bison and deer in their seasonal migrations formed some of the earliest traceable paths into the American wilderness and were followed by native Americans, explorers and pioneers.
Food • Bison eat grasses and sedges.
Behavior • Bison mostly graze all day and play around and the females usually lead the herds. • The males sort of break off of the group then rejoin during mating season. • Mating season is between June and September and they have a gestation period of 270-285 days.
Pronghorn Genus: AntilocapraSpecies: Americana
●Body shape of a deer, with long tail, and long snout. ●Fur is redish brown, but can also be tan or dark brown. ●White face on stomach face and butt. ●Short horns on top of head. ●4 ½ feet long, 3 feet tall. ●Weighs between 90-150 pounds
Unique Adaptations Pronghorns have large eyes that have really good vision. The vision allows them to spot predators from far away.
Diet Herbivore Grasses Forbs Sagebrush Seldom drink water Digests food twice.
Habitat Open plains, fields, grasslands, brush, desert, and basins
Range Only found in North America
Reproduction Mate during late summer or fall depending on location. Give birth in spring. 1-2 fawns per birth.
Pronghorn Buck • Modified horn made of keratin • Outer sheath sheds annually and regenerates to a larger size • Both males and females have modified horns
Pronghorn migration • Pronghorn may travel over 100 miles to migrate between summer and winter range • Winter range is typically lower elevation sage- steppe habitat • Pronghorn move to summer range at higher elevations to locate green vegetation
Migration Video • http://blogs.nationalgeographic.com/blogs/blogwild/2009/09/pronghorn-passage.html
Moose Family: Cervidae Genus: Alces Species: AlcesAlces
Subspecies There are three main subspecies in the Northwestern portion of the United States. • Yukon/Alaska Moose • Canada Moose • Shiras Moose
Eating Habits • Eats many leafy shrubs. • Consumes twigs and leaves. • Will even eat aquatic plants.
Habitat • Prefers Dense forest (taiga.) • Also lives in open “forest-tundra.” • Likes to be close to lakes or ponds. • Can also live in other habitats.
Reproduction • Reproduces yearly in Spring. • 1-2 calves (possibly 3.) • Will abandon previous calves right before next mating season.
Sources • Runtz, Michael. "Moose Diet" Mooseworld. N.p., 22 Apr 2001. Web. 14 Feb 2013. <http://www.mooseworld.com/diet.htm>. • Runtz, Michael. “Moose Habitat" Mooseworld. N.p., 22 Apr 2001. Web. 14 Feb 2013. <http://www.mooseworld.com/diet.htm>. • Zegarelli, Clare. "Moose." Pocantico Hills. Pocantico Hills, 10 Dec 2011. Web. 14 Feb 2013. <http://www.pocanticohills.org/cook/7thgrade/moose.htm>.
