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THE WAR SCARES OF 1904-1914

THE WAR SCARES OF 1904-1914. 1904/05: The Entente cordiale leads to the First Morocco Crisis 1907: Anglo-Russian Entente 1908: Bosnian Annexation Crisis 1911: Second Morocco Crisis 1912: First Balkan War 1913: Second Balkan War December 1913: Liman von Sanders Affair

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THE WAR SCARES OF 1904-1914

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  1. THE WAR SCARES OF 1904-1914 1904/05: The Entente cordiale leads to the First Morocco Crisis 1907: Anglo-Russian Entente 1908: Bosnian Annexation Crisis 1911: Second Morocco Crisis 1912: First Balkan War 1913: Second Balkan War December 1913: Liman von Sanders Affair June 28, 1914: The assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo

  2. THE BALANCE OF INDUSTRIAL STRENGTH BETWEENGERMANY AND BRITAIN SWUNG SHARPLY BEFORE 1914:Annual steel production (1000s of metric tons) BUT GREAT BRITAIN REMAINED THE WORLD LEADER IN COMMERCE AND FINANCE: Shares of World Foreign Trade

  3. In 1898 Germany announced a plan to build 3 battleships a year. Wilhelm II: “Germany must wield Neptune’s trident as well as Jupiter’s scepter.” In response Britain launched the H.M.S. Dreadnought in 1906: It carried ten 12-inch guns and 11-inch armor plate, and cruised at over 20 m.p.h.

  4. Admiral Sir John Fisher (at left),First Sea Lord (1904-10), modernized the British fleet Fisher converted the young Liberal, Sir Winston Churchill, into a champion of naval spending by 1911

  5. The result of the Balkan Wars, 1912/13

  6. Helmuth von Moltke the Younger (1906-14) demanded “preventive war” German Chancellor Theobold von Bethmann Hollweg (1909-17) sought improved relations with Great Britain

  7. Tsar Nicholas II (1868-1918; ruled 1894-1917) Sergei Sazonov, Russian foreign minister, 1910-16

  8. Leopold von Berchtold: ambassador to Russia, 1907-12, foreign minister 1912-15 Kaiser & King Franz Josef I, born in 1830, reigned 1848-1916

  9. Raymond Poincaré (1860-1934), leader of the French center-right, premier in 1912/13, President of France, 1913-1920.In public he declared this his generation had “no other reason for existence than the hope of recovering the lost provinces” (i.e., Alsace-Lorraine).

  10. British Foreign Secretary Sir Edward Grey (1905-16), who waited until July 29, 1914, to warn the German ambassador that Britain would side with France and Russia

  11. CHRONOLOGY OF THE JULY CRISIS OF 1914

  12. Soldiers in Berlin march toward Paris, 2 August 1914

  13. Citizens of Paris on August 2, 1914

  14. The “Schlieffen Plan” vs. “Plan XVII”

  15. The actual German advance by September 5, 1914

  16. French observation post below Vimy Ridge, 1915

  17. The Western Front: Aerial view of a German trench network

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