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SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS. 1-Disturbances of consciousness &orientation a-Disorientation :loss of awareness of position of the self in relation to space , time &persons b-clouding of consciousness : patient react incompletely to stimuli. c-Stupor : patient is mute and immobile .

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SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

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  1. SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS • 1-Disturbances of consciousness &orientation • a-Disorientation :loss of awareness of position of the self in relation to space , time &persons • b-clouding of consciousness : patient react incompletely to stimuli. • c-Stupor : patient is mute and immobile . • d-coma : patient does not respond even to strong stimuli.

  2. Disorders of attention • 1- Distractibility : inability to focus attention • Seen in mania &anxiety. • 2-Hypervigilance:excessive attention and focus on all external &internal stimuli • Seen in hypomania &obsessive persons. • 3- Inattention : blocking out only those things that generate anxiety.

  3. DISTURBANCES MEMORY • Types of memory: • Sensory M. Short term memory • Long term memory:(explicit & implicit) • Disorders of memory: • 1-Amnesia(localized-anterograde-retrograde) • 2-Paramnesia(falsification-confabulation-de ja vu-jamais vu phenomenons)

  4. Disorders of affect and mood • Affect disorders: • Appropriate affect - inappropriate affect • Blunted affect -flat affect • Labile affect • Mood disorders: • Depression - irritable mood • Labile mood -elevated mood • Euphoria -anhedonia • Others: • Anxiety - fear-phobia- panic • Ambivalence

  5. DISTURBANCES OF THINKING • Disorders in the form: • Loss of association{ vagueness, incoherence} • Derailment - irrelevance • Flight of ideas -clang association • Word salad -verbigeration • Blocking -circumstantiality • Preservation -echolalia • Neologism -stereotypy • Concrete thinking

  6. DISTURBANCES OF THINKING • Disorders in the contents: • Poverty of content :little information or obscure phrases. • Preoccupation of thought :centering on particular idea. • Overvalued ideas: unreasonable &sustained false belief neither delusional or obsessional in nature. • Delusions: false fixed belief ,not consistent with patient culture, personality & education. • Obsessional &compulsive symptoms:

  7. DISTURBANCES OF THINKING • According to fixity: • Complete -partial • According to the onset: • Primary -secondary • Other delusional experiences: • Delusional mood -delusional memory • Delusional perception • According to systematization: • Bizarre delusion -systematized delusion • According to relation with mood: • Mood congruent -mood incongruent • According to other features: • Shared delusion -encapsulated • Crystallized delusion

  8. DISTURBANCES OF THINKING • According to theme of delusion: • Persecutory delusion • Delusion of reference • Delusion of grandeur • Delusion of control • Delusion of guilt • Delusion of poverty • Nihilistic delusion • Delusion of infidelity • Hypochondriacal (somatic )delusion

  9. Obsessional and compulsive symptoms • These are recurrent thought, impulses or images that enter the mind despite the patient resist it. • Forms of obsessions: • Obsessional thoughts - ruminations • Obsessional doubts -impulses • Obsessional phobia • Compulsions(rituals): • Checking -cleaning • Counting -dressing

  10. Disturbances of Speech • Pressure of speech -poverty of speech • Dysartheria -stuttering • Aphasia(motor , sensory & nominal ) • Disturbances of motor behavior: • Tics mannerisms stereotype • Negativism Echopraxia resistance • Catatonia(catalepsy , catatonic stupor ,rigidity, posturing & waxy flexibility)

  11. Disturbances of perception • Hallucination -Illusion • Depersonalization -Derealization • Types of hallucination: • A-according to complexity • Elementary & complex • B-according to sensory modality: • Visual ,auditory ,tactile, olfactory, gustatory , hallucination of deep sensation , autoscopic H& reflex H.

  12. Illusion • Misperception of real external stimulus. • More common in organic mental disorders. • Depersonalization : subjective of being strange. • Derealization: subjective sense the environment is strange & unreal. • These phenomena occur in: • Tiered healthy patients sleep ,sensory deprivation -depressive disorder-temporal lobe epilepsy-schizophrenia-anxiety disorder.

  13. Disturbances of intelligence • 1-Mental retardation • 2-dementia • Disturbances of insight: • The ability of the patient to understand the true cause and meaning of a situation.

  14. Etiology of psychiatric illness • Classification of causes: • 1- predisposing factors • 2-percipitating factors • 3-perpetuating factors • Approaches to etiology : • Biological psychodynamic • Sociocultural behavioral • biopsychosocial

  15. Other factors related to psychiatric etiology • 1-social factors 2-genetic • 3- life events 4-biochemical • 5-endocrionolgy 6-physiology • 7-Neuropathology 8-experimental &clinical psychology

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