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V i R t U e

V i R t U e. What Is A Virtue? Etymology Latin : virtus --strength; Greek : arête--the excellence of a thing. -- The arête of a knife = to cut well; the arête of a racehorse = to race well. Virtue. Is a habitual and firm disposition to do the good.

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V i R t U e

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  1. V i R t U e

  2. What Is A Virtue? Etymology Latin: virtus--strength; Greek: arête--the excellence of a thing. -- The arête of a knife = to cut well; the arête of a racehorse = to race well

  3. Virtue • Is a habitual and firm disposition to do the good. • It allows the person not only to perform good acts but also to give the best of himself/herself. • Comes from the Latin word “ virtus” meaning “courage” or “bravery” • Virtus derived from “vir” which means man. • Literally speaking, virtuemeans manliness

  4. St. Augustine defines virtue: - Good quality of the mind by which one lives rightly, which no one uses badly and which God works in us but without us. • St. Thomas Aquinas defines virtue: - Virtue is a habit that is good; it perfects the power of the soul and inclines one to do good.

  5. Aristotle defines virtue:  - State of character which makes man/woman good and do his/her work well. Three key ideas according to Aristotle 1. Virtue is a state of character 2. Virtue makes man/woman good 3. Virtue makes man/woman do his/her work well

  6. A VIRTUE IS “. . . a quality of mind and heart, of reason and will, that disposes a person to engage in acts and works of excellence. . .” S. Pinckaers

  7. Virtues are formed through practice as we consistently perform good acts from a good will.

  8. Catechism of the Catholic Church TWO types of virtues: 1. Theological Virtues - which include faith, hope and charity. 2. Human Virtues - also called as moral virtues. - Include four cardinal virtues of prudence, justice, fortitude and temperance.

  9. Theological Virtues • relate directly to God. • Immediate object is God • Foundation of all Christian moral activities.

  10. The Virtue of Faith • Is the theological which we believe in God and all that He has said and revealed to us and all that the Holy Church proposes for our belief because he is truth Himself. • Is the personal encounter with Christ • Is the personal act, a confrontation between the human “ I “ and the divine “ You “.

  11. Faith... • A person encounters Jesus >>> encounter transform his/her life >>> follows Jesus the person understand the meaning of her/his life. • The Christian task is to discern an authentic faith from alienating faith, a childish faith  mature faith.

  12. Different Views on the Attitude towards Faith • Tough Guy Attitude - leads a person not to believe because he/she considers faith as a sign of weakness or alienation – mere sentimentalism.

  13. Worldly or Materialistic Attitude –moves an individual not to believe because he/she considers faith as a mere waste of time or turning away from reality. He/ She thinks it is more useful to be involved in life daily activities than to believe. • Playing Safe Attitude – applies to a person who says he/she believes because in matters of faith, nothing is safe, he/she has nothing to lose if he/she believes.

  14. Faith... • Faith is an act of TRUST to God. • God is the absolute and the unconditional. • Faith involves the whole person and occupies the center of one’s life • FAITH does not mean that one should believe WITHOUT a REASON. • Dei Verbum – the document that clarifies this point.

  15. The Virtue of Hope • is the theological virtue by which, we desire the kingdom of heaven and the eternal life as our happiness, placing our trust in Christ’s promises and relying not on our strength but on the help of the Holy Spirit. • keeps a person from discouragement, sustains him/her during times of abandonment and opens up his/her heart expectation of eternal beatitude.

  16. Hope... • Hope is that virtue, made possible by the grace of God, by which man/woman expects the fullness of salvation and the means to attain it, confident omnipotent aid of God. • Hope therefore, considers God as its object. God is the One whom a person hopes and waits. Hope gives a glimpse of the future; it embraces all things including death. • Hope is a weapon that protect us in the struggle for salvation.

  17. Hope... • Hope is gratuitous, a gift of the grace and mercy of God. • Hope is active and it helps Christian transform the world because through it, God’s justice and peace reach their progressive • Hope is patient; it strengthen man/woman to continue waiting for what God has promised him/her, knowing that “God could do whatever He promised”.

  18. The Virtue of Charity • Charity – is the theological virtue, by which we love God above all things for His own sake, and by which we love our neighbor as ourselves for the love of God. According to St. Paul “ if I have all other things but have not love… I have not charity, I gain nothing”.

  19. charity... • Charity is superior to all virtues; it is the first of the theological virtues. • All virtues is inspired and animated by charity, which “binds everything in perfect harmony”. • Charity never ends-

  20. Moral Virtues • Are habits that are concerned with acts as means to the ultimate end. They help us lead moral and good lives.

  21. The Four Cardinal Virtues • Prudence • Justice • Fortitude • Temperance

  22. PRUDENCE: PLANNING OUR ACTIONS The virtue of the intellect that enables us to plan our actions so that we can realize our ultimate goal (happiness in friendship bwith God) in the best possible way. Prudence unites all the virtues by helping one know how to exercise them at a given time. Prudence is the “charioteer” of the moral life.

  23. Prudence requires... • A good grasp of reality. • Knowing what vision, goals and values are worth pursuing • Knowing what intermediate goals will help us to achieve our ultimate vision. • The ability to plan and execute well-composed acts. • Foresight + learning from past experiences.

  24. DELIBERATION JUDGMENT DECISION Seeking to know and understand the reality being considered. Discerning the action that best responds to a given reality. Committing the will to carry out the action chosen. 3 PARTS

  25. Enemies of Prudence Thoughtlessness Jumping to a decision without passing through the stages of deliberation and judgment. Irresoluteness Inability to commit oneself to a course of action.

  26. Conscience is an aspect of prudence. An important role of prudence is to help us apply moral norms and wisdom to specific situations. Prudence helps us to discern how best to act justly and lovingly in the concrete circumstances of daily life.

  27. The constant disposition to give God what is due Him as our Creator and our neighbor what is due to him as a fellow human being endowed with dignity by God. It is the minimum requirement of love and emphasizes that every right is accompanied by a corresponding responsibility to assure this right for others. JUSTICE

  28. Human Rights Grounded in God's Love God’s love for us is the ground of our worth and value as human beings. Our fundamental rights stem from God’s will that each person have all he/she needs to flourish. Every right assumes a corresponding responsibility to assure this right for others.

  29. Christian View Of Property The goods of the earth belong to God and are destined by God for the use and benefit of all, not just a few. Thus while there is a right to private property, this right is not absolute. The need to preserve the common good has priority over the right to private property. There is a responsibility to share the goods of the earth so that all may live.

  30. 4 Kinds of Justice • Commutative – concerns fairness in our dealings with other individuals • Distributive- concerns the responsibilities of the whole community towards its members • Contributive – concerns the responsibilities of the individual to assure the common good of society • Social – concerns the right ordering of laws, systems and structures to insure the wellbeing of each member and the common good of all

  31. FORTITUDE Fortitude ensures firmness in difficulties and constancy in pursuit of the good. This virtue strengthens our drive to overcome obstacles enabling us to conquer fear, disappointment, hardships, and to persevere in the absence of visible results.

  32. Fortitude has two modes: attack/pursuit and endurance/ perseverance. Fortitude moves us to fight and push forward in the face of opposition and obstacles. Fortitude helps us to persevere in difficulty and endure what cannot be overcome.

  33. TEMPERANCE Whenever an excess of passion and desire overwhelms the judgment of reason, one is prone to act in ways that are imprudent, dishonorable and demeaning. Temperance is a virtue of the will that moderates desires, passions and appetites so that they can be properly integrated in the service of reason and prudence.

  34. Temperance • is the moral virtue that moderates the attraction of pleasures and provides balance in the use of material things. • it regulates represses, or controls impulses, such as sexual urges, that impel one to do something which is opposed to reason. • It ensures the will’s mastery over instincts and keeps desires within the limit of what is honorable

  35. The worst vices resulting from lack of moderation in sensual pleasure include: • Gluttony • Drunkenness or • inordinate use of alcoholic drinks • Drug Addiction

  36. Drunkenness • It is even of more degrading vice than gluttony, for it deprives a person his/her unique distinction from brute. • Immoral act; increase criminality, delinquency and other forms of immorality in society. back

  37. Drug Addiction • worse than drunkenness. • major cause of rape, murder and other heinous crimes.

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