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Reflection & Mirrors

Reflection & Mirrors. Reflection. The turning back of an electromagnetic wave (light ray) at the surface of a substance. Depending on how smooth the reflecting surface is, the reflection will either be diffuse or specular . Reflections off flat surfaces follow 2 simple rules:

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Reflection & Mirrors

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  1. Reflection & Mirrors

  2. Reflection The turning back of an electromagnetic wave (light ray) at the surface of a substance. Depending on how smooth the reflecting surface is, the reflection will either bediffuse orspecular.

  3. Reflections off flat surfaces follow 2 simple rules: angle in (incidence) equals angle out(reflection) angles measured from the surface(normal) Reflection

  4. Reflection Using the basic rules of reflection, we can createvirtual images. Virtual images are images formed by light rays that appear to intersect. ex. Looking in a mirror Image location can be predicted with“ray diagrams”.

  5. Reflection Ray diagram of mirror image (full length mirror)

  6. Two types of curved mirrors • Concave mirrors– inwardly curved inner surface that converges incoming light rays. • Convex Mirrors– outwardly curved, mirrored surface that diverged incoming light rays.

  7. Object distance ( p ) h Focal Length ( f ) Center of Curvature ( C ) Principal axis Curved Mirrors • Image location can be predicted with mirror equations. 1/object distance + 1/image distance = 1/focal length 1/p + 1/q = 1/f

  8. Curved Mirrors Alternate Mirror Equation: 1/p + 1/q = 2/R 1/object distance + 1/image distance = 2/radius of curvature

  9. Concave mirrors… • can form BOTH virtual and real images of an object depending on how far the object is placed away from the mirror. • Real image: an image formed when light rays intersect at a single point.

  10. Concave mirrors • Images produced by concave mirrors (virtual or real) will NOT be the same size of our object. • They will be magnified (M) magnification = image height = - image distance object height object distance M = h'/h = - q/p + M = upright and virtual image - M = inverted and real image

  11. Rules for drawing reference lines Ray Line from object Line from mirror to to mirror reflected image 1. Parallel to principal Through focal point axis F 2. Through focal point parallel to principal F axis 3. Through the center back along itself through of curvature C C

  12. f C Object distance is greater than the focal length Ray Diagram Principal axis Reflecting Surface

  13. f C Object distance is less than the focal length Ray Diagram Principal axis Reflecting Surface

  14. Convex Mirrors • Focal point and center of curvature are located behind the mirror’s surface. • M is always +, but less than 1 Image is always virtual • Provide a large field of view

  15. f C Reflecting Surface Convex Mirrors Principal axis

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