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Green ICs How can you Chip in?

maeve avatar
maeve
23 diapositives · 366 Views · Jul 11, 2014

Integrated Circuits (ICs) are essential in modern electronics, but they come with environmental and health risks. Defined as a densely packed array of small electronic components, ICs often contain hazardous materials like lead, mercury, and cadmium. These substances, harmful to human health and the environment, can leach into ecosystems when disposed of improperly. The RoHS guidelines aim to limit these toxic substances, promoting safer designs. As engineers and consumers, choosing RoHS-compliant products helps mitigate these risks while supporting sustainability.

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  1. Green ICs How can you Chip in?

  2. What is an IC? “An electronic circuit manufactured by the patterned diffusion of trace elements into the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material. Additional materials are deposited and patterned to form interconnections between semiconductor devices.” (Wikipedia, Feb 11-2012)

  3. Which Means? • An IC is a densely packed array of small electronic components manufactured to perform a specific task. • Some examples you’ve probably already worked with: • 555 Timer • PIC Microcontroller • 741 Op Amp • Focus: ICs, their packaging, and Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)

  4. What is a Green IC? • Not Blue, • Not Yellow, • But a Dangerous Hybrid of them both…

  5. What is a Green IC? • Minimal Impact on the Environment. • All standards seek to limit the amount of toxic materials the IC contain.

  6. Why are ICs Dangerous? • ICs and PCBs can contain dangerous materials, including various heavy metals, carcinogens, and neurotoxins.

  7. Lead • Lead is used to connect the IC to the Circuit Board (Solder). • Prior to 2005, Arlen Recycling Inc. estimated that the average computer contained up to 6.3% lead. • Since another presentation is on the dangers of lead solder, we won’t go into too much detail.

  8. Mercury • Side Effects: • Cognitive and Behavioral disabilities • Memory Problems • Coordination Problems • Visual-Spatial Impairment • Lung Damage (if inhaled) • Gastrointestinal Damage (if ingested) • Kidney Damage (at high doses) • Death (at extremely high doses)

  9. Mercury • Found primarily in the PCBs and different electrical components such as mercury switches. • The environment is exposed to the mercury when old electronic equipment is disposed of in landfills.

  10. Hexavalent Chromium • Side Effects: • Skin rashes • Upset stomachs and ulcers • Respiratory problems • Weakened immune systems • Kidney and liver damage • Alteration of genetic material • Lung cancer • Death

  11. Cadmium • Found in surface mount chip resistors • Kidney, bone, and pulmonary damage

  12. PBBs • Polybrominated Biphenyl • Used as a fire retardant commonly found in plastics. • The exact effects on humans are unknown, though some studies show links between PBBs and: • Skin Problems • Weight Loss • Nervous and immune system effects • Early menarche in young women

  13. PBDEs • PolybrominatedDiphenylEther • A type of PBB. • Takes a long time to break down • Bio-accumulate • Found mostly in the plastic casings of the ICs. • Linked to infertility, • Concentration in humans has increased dramatically in previous years.

  14. What can we do about it? • As consumers of electronic products, we can recycle old equipment properly. • As Future Engineers (hopefully), we have a responsibility to make design choices that will minimize the negative impact on the environment. • Hypothetical situation: • Designing a new cellular phone for a major retailer. • 2-3 year lifespan • Old phone is discarded and is replaced.

  15. What can we do about it? • You designed it with dangerous materials • Within 3 years, it’s garbage • A certain phone has sold over 4 million units this year. iWon’t mention which one • A lot of your product is in the garbage

  16. Yes, you are a terrible person. • But you don’t have to be! • Follow the RoHS guidelines!

  17. RoHS Guidelines • Restriction of Hazardous Substances • Put forward by the European Union • Took effect in July of 2006 • Regulates the levels of 6 toxic substances:

  18. RoHS Guidelines • Substances must be kept below 0.1% concentration except Cadmium, which is limited to 0.01%. • This concentration limit is for any homogenous piece of the whole device. • These guidelines do not limit batteries.

  19. RoHS Guidelines and North America • Canada and the USA are not members of the European Union. • Canada and the USA do not have an equivalent of the RoHS • Many mass producers of ICs market both RoHS compliant and non-RoHS compliant components.

  20. What to Watch for • Select components that are RoHS compliant. • RoHS compliant devices usually use it as a key selling feature. • If you do not see a prominent statement of RoHS compliance, then odds are the component doesn’t comply.

  21. The Downsides • Higher price • Product availability (Not a huge issue anymore)

  22. But wait, there’s more! • Your product can: • Be marketed in Europe. • Compete with other products. • Appease environmentalists. • Give you a clean conscience.

  23. Questions?