Evolution of Shopping: From the 1890s to Modern Day

1. Shoppingin the 1890s-Current Time By: Courtney and Thita

2. How it Started • After people started settling in 1760s • commercial transactions took place in private homes, taverns, churchyards, mils, and eventually stores • Early on, stores often consisted of a room in the storekeeper’s home

3. The Nation’s First Shopping Center • Cleveland, Ohio • Named the Arcade • 1890 • Contained 4 levels of: • Jewelry • Leather Goods • Stationery shops • Glass topped arcade • Provided band music on Sundays • Middle-class people would wander around and look at the window displays

4. Continued… • The Arcade • Today it is an odd collection of electric shops such as convenience and stamp stores • Huge roof trusses give it a bridge-like look • it was built by a bridge company in 1890

5. Urban Shopping • As the cities grew… • They became an objective for manufacturers and merchants • Started having separate districts which included: • Financial services, hotels and entertainment, trade, banks, insurance companies, and the headquarters of large corporations • Retail shopping districts formed in the center of the city • public transportation could easily bring shoppers from faraway places • Causing the modern “Department Store”

6. Department Stores • Marshall Field of Chicago created the concept • He started as a sales clerk in a dry goods store • Discovered that paying close attention to each woman customer could increase sales • 1865 opened own store • Motto: • Give the lady what she wants • Allowed women to take home clothes and return them if they were not satisfied

7. Department Stores Today • Department Stores are popping up all over the place today • There are 590 department stores in Wisconsin alone • Places like Wal-mart and other well known stores need to be all over the place so people are more likely to go to their store • Did you know on average over 18 million people shop at Wal-mart every day!

8. The Chain Store • Groups of stores under the same ownership • Advertised the bargains • Bought in quantity • Limited personal service • Used sales methods that included: • Offering brand names • Standardized or uniform packaging • High volume • Low-cost sales

9. F. W. Woolworth • 1870’s • He learned that most people would buy things “spur of the moment” because of low prices • He didn’t raise his prices in his “five-and-dime store” until 1932 • By 1911, there were 596 stores • Sold more than 1,000,000 dollars a week

10. Advertising • Total advertising in 1865 was about $10 million • In 1900 it was up to $95 million • Due to improvements in picture printing • Magazines started to carry newer ads for products

11. Advertising Today • Today advertising is a huge marketing opportunity • From TV's to build boards, everywhere is an opportunity to advertise • It ranges about $700-$2,500 a month on build board advertising, and about the same for a full page ad in the newspaper

12. More Advertising Advertising Before… Advertising Today… As you can see, the old one has a lot more information, while the new advertisement is just flashy and not that informative

13. Mail-Order Catalogs • Montgomery Ward and Richard Sears • Ward’s catalog launched in1872 • Provided instructions in 10 languages to help customers order products • Started his company 1886 • Sent out a consumers guide twice a year • He sent a letter explaining to the consumer that there would be no errors and what you want would be sent right to you • By 1910, 10 million people shopped by mail each year

14. Mail-Order Catalogs Today • Mail-Order Catalogs continue to increase • Why people like it: • They can order it from their own home • Don’t have to drive to the store • It ships right to them • It’s easy!

15. Rural Free Delivery • US Post Office helped mail-order catalogs • 1896 they started a system where the packages are brought directly to your home • A.K.A. Rural Free Delivery • Now the catalogs could advise consumers to give the letter and money to the mail carrier and he will get mail it out for you • 1913 made it possible to send 50 pound packages from Chicago to any location in the country

16. How This Effects Us Today… • Without all these new things like: • Department Stores • Rural Free Delivery • Mail-Order Catalogs • The Chain Stores • Etc. • We would still be going to a persons home to look for a new pair of shoes!

17. Continued… • Because of all the new advancements in modern technology, it makes it easier to get what you want when you want it • Shopping is not only a fun way to spend your time • it has also helped the businesses of America • Created job opportunities to support the new ways of ‘shopping’

18. Work Cited • History book • Pgs 483-485 • www.gaebler.com/Billboard-Advertising-cost.htm • http://www.flickr.com/photos/robertpool/3153134057/ • http://www.patsabin.com/illinois/marshall_fieldlitho.html • www.uvm.edu/~vhnet/hertour/hthome03.html

19. The End